DeustoTeka Examinando por Autor "Calvete Zumalde, Esther"

Examinando por Autor "Calvete Zumalde, Esther"

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Are all child-to-parent violence profiles associated with exposure to family violence?: findings from a sample of Spanish adolescents
(MDPI, 2023-06-11) Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Exposure to family violence (EFV) is proposed as a relevant antecedent of child-to-parent violence (CPV). However, both previous research and practitioner experience suggest that not all cases of CPV involve EFV. This study aimed to identify profiles of adolescents according to their degree of involvement in CPV and their EFV. A sample of 1647 adolescents (mean age = 14.30, SD = 1.21; 50.5% boys) completed measures of CPV, witnessing family violence, victimization by parents, permissive parenting, parental warmth, and several measures of cognitive and emotional characteristics. Latent profile analyses based on measures of CPV and family characteristics supported a four-profile solution. Profile 1 (82.2%) consisted of adolescents with very low scores on both CPV and exposure to family violence. Profile 2 (6.2%) was characterized by medium scores on psychological CPV and high EFV. Profile 3 (9.7%) was characterized by severe psychological CPV and very low EFV. Profile 4 (1.9%) included adolescents with the highest scores on CPV, including physical violence, and high EFV. These profiles were found to differ from each other according to several cognitive and emotional variables of the adolescents. Therefore, not all CPV profiles were associated with a history of EFV. The obtained profiles have implications for interventions.
Are perceived executive functions beneficial for adolescents who experience peer victimization?
(Springer, 2023-03) Morea, Aida ; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Peer victimization can lead to dysfunctional cognitions and numerous internalizing psychological problems. Thus, it is essential to identify factors that can moderate the impact of victimization. This study aimed to analyze the potential moderating role of perceived executive functions (PEF) in the impact of peer victimization (traditional and online) on internalizing symptoms (depression and social anxiety), early maladaptive schemas (disconnection/rejection domain), and PEF in adolescents. A two-wave longitudinal study was carried out with 680 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age (M = 14.58, SD = 1.36; 41.18% girls). Participants completed measures of self-reported executive functions, traditional and online victimization, early maladaptive schemas of the disconnection/rejection domain, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety symptoms in waves 1 and 2. Traditional and online perpetration was completed only in wave 1. The results indicated that when PEF were high (i.e., adolescents perceive that they have good executive functions), traditional and online victimization predicted more schemas of the disconnection/rejection domain and internalizing symptoms of depression and social anxiety. In non-victims, high PEF showed a protective role in the development of depressive symptoms and schemas of the disconnection/rejection domain. The findings highlight that PEF have a protective role that disappears when victimization (traditional and online) occurs.
Asociaciones longitudinales entre el rasgo de mindfulness y conductas adictivas en adolescentes
(Socidrogalcohol, 2023-02-06) Cortazar Enciondo, Nerea ; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
La adolescencia es un período vulnerable para el desarrollo de conductas adictivas. El uso de sustancias (US) y el uso problemático de Internet (UPI) generalmente comienzan durante esta etapa de desarrollo. El mindfulness rasgo (MD) se ha propuesto como un factor protector para los y las adolescentes frente a numerosos problemas psicológicos. Estudios previos sugieren que la faceta Observar de MD puede moderar los roles de las otras facetas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar longitudinalmente si las facetas de MD podían predecir niveles más bajos de UPI y US entre los y las adolescentes, y evaluar si la faceta Observar moderaba las asociaciones entre las otras facetas de MD y las conductas adictivas. Un total de 836 participantes de entre 11 y 18 años completaron medidas de UPI, US y las cinco facetas de MD. Los resultados indicaron que Actuar con conciencia predijo niveles más bajos de US, Describir predijo un aumento tanto de UPI como de US y No juzgar predijo marginalmente niveles más bajos de UPI. Además, la faceta Observar fue beneficiosa frente a UPI cuando se combinó con altos niveles de Actuar con conciencia, pero no fue beneficiosa cuando se combinó con altos niveles de Describir. Se discuten las implicaciones y direcciones futuras para el estudio empírico de MD frente a conductas adictivas
The association between exposure to COVID-19, internalizing symptoms, and dispositional mindfulness in adolescents: a longitudinal pre- and during-pandemic study
(Springer, 2023-12) Royuela Colomer, Estíbaliz; Fernández González, Liria; Orue Sola, Izaskun; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
This study examined the association between contact with COVID-19 and internalizing symptoms in Spanish adolescents, and the moderation and mediation roles of dispositional mindfulness. Adolescents (N = 383; 58% female; Mage = 15.62, SD = 1.32) completed measures of dispositional mindfulness (MAAS-A) and internalizing symptoms (DASS-21), other stressors different from COVID-19, and contact with COVID-19 twice, in October 2019 and 2020. Three profiles emerged according to their contact with COVID-19: (1) little/no contact, (2) knowing someone close (outside home) who was infected, hospitalized, or died, and (3) being or someone at home being infected and/or hospitalized. Compared to little/no contact, both contact profiles predicted dispositional mindfulness and anxiety; and profile 2 predicted stress. Dispositional mindfulness mediated the association between both contact profiles and depression and stress. This study suggests that contact with COVID-19 predicts increased internalizing symptoms in adolescents, which could be partially explained by the decrease in mindfulness levels.
Bidirectional relationships between cyberbystanders’ roles, cyberbullying perpetration, and justification of violence
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023-05) Orue Sola, Izaskun; Fernández González, Liria; Machimbarrena Garagorri, Juan Manuel; González Cabrera, Joaquín; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Bystanders play a key role in understanding the phenomenon of cyberbullying (CB). The main aim of this study is to explore longitudinal bidirectional relationships among cyberbystanders’ reaction, CB perpetration, and CB justification. Participants were 1,105 adolescents (56.7% girls; Mage = 13.56, SD = 1.21) who answered self-reported questionnaires about CB perpetration, CB justification, and cyberbystanders’ reaction at two measurement periods spaced 8 months apart. The results showed that cyberbystanders who assisted and/or reinforced the aggressor had higher scores for CB perpetration and justification than those who supported or defended the victim. Furthermore, cyberbystanders’ pro-aggressive behavior at Time 1 (T1) predicted an increase in CB perpetration and justification at Time 2 (T2), and T1 CB perpetration predicted an increase in T2 CB justification. These findings highlight the precursor role that acting as an assistant or reinforcer of the perpetrator may have on their own perpetration of future CB aggressions.
Bidirectional relationships between interpretation biases, safety behaviors, and social anxiety
(Springer, 2024-01) Prieto Fidalgo, Ángel; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Theoretical models of social anxiety (SA) propose bidirectional relationships between SA, interpretation biases, and safety behaviors (Safe-B). However, longitudinal studies evaluating these bidirectional relationships are scarce. The main objective of this study was to analyze the bidirectional relationships between interpretation biases (from ambiguous situations and ambiguous faces), Safe-B, and SA. A two-time longitudinal study was carried out with the participation of 575 vocational training students (M = 19.49, SD = 2.41). Both the interpretation biases measured through ambiguous situations and ambiguous faces and the Safe-B predicted higher levels of SA in the second time. In turn, a bidirectional relationship was found between SA and Safe-B. However, no bidirectional relationships were found between interpretation biases and Safe-B and between biases and SA. Among others, the limitations of the study include the high attrition rate (30.4%) and the high proportion of male students (62.1%). The findings highlight the role of interpretation bias and Safe-B in SA. In turn, as a new initiative, the study supports the bidirectional relationship between Safe-B and SA. Implications are discussed throughout the manuscript
Componentes cardiovasculares y subjetivos del proceso de estrés: factores psicosociales
(Universidad de Deusto, 1990-01-29) Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Nicolas Martínez, Luis de; Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Educación
Esta investigación tiene por objetivo último el contribuir a la comprensión de los mecanismos que enlazan el proceso de estrés con la enfermedad cardiovascular. Esta meta puede concretarse en dos cuestiones básicas: -qué tipo de situaciones estresantes tienen más probabilidad de estar implicadas en los procesos patogénicos. - cómo identificar en etapas tempranas qué individuos son más susceptibles de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares relacionadas con el estrés. Dicho de otra manera: ¿qué clase de gente y bajo qué clase de situaciones desarrolla desórdenes relacionados con el estrés?
Cuestionario de Esquemas de Young: adaptación de una versión breve para adolescentes y jóvenes españoles
(Asociación Española de Psicología Clínica y Psicopatología, 2020-12-30) Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Este estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas de una versión breve del Cuestionario de Esquemas de Young-3, que evalúa los esquemas desadaptativos tempranos, en adolescentes y jóvenes españoles. La muestra consistió en 1.455 adolescentes y jóvenes estudiantes (54.5% chicas, 15-25 años). Contestaron el cuestionario de esquemas y medidas de depresión, ansiedad, hostilidad y autolesiones no suicidas. Además, una submuestra de 842 participantes volvió a completar el cuestionario de esquemas breve seis meses más tarde. Los resultados confirman la estructura de 18 esquemas y apoyan la organización de estos en cinco dominios. La consistencia interna de algunas subescalas fue baja mientras que para los dominios fue satisfactoria. Los esquemas fueron estables a lo largo del tiempo y se asociaron significativamente con numerosos problemas psicológicos. Los resultados permiten establecer recomendaciones para la evaluación de los esquemas desadaptativos en la investigación futura en el ámbito de la psicología clínica.
Design and measurement properties of the online gambling disorder questionnaire (OGD-Q) in Spanish adolescents
(MDPI, 2020-01-02) González Cabrera, Joaquín; Machimbarrena Garagorri, Juan Manuel; Beranuy Fargues, Marta; Pérez Rodríguez, Priscila; Fernández González, Liria; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Gambling disorder is of great clinical and social relevance since it seriously affects people who suffer from it. More recently, the Internet has exacerbated the problem with online casinos, poker, and sports betting. However, there is little evidence of this problem, and we know of no diagnostic questionnaire. The main objectives of this study were to develop the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) for adolescents, evaluate its main psychometric properties, and establish diagnostic criteria to differentiate pathological from non-pathological online gamblers. We conducted a study in 16 schools across seven regions of Spain, sampling 2691 adolescents, 883 of whom had reported some online gambling experience. Of those, 602 were boys (68.2%) and 281 were girls (31.8%) Sampling was non-probabilistic and incidental. Mean age and standard deviation were 14.25 ± 1.55 (11–19 years). Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-dimensional model with a good fit. The reliability indicators were satisfactory (>0.94). The scores on the OGD-Q were related to other constructs, such as Internet gaming disorder, problematic Internet use, and nomophobia. Participants classified as having problems or being at risk of online gambling disorder presented significantly more stress, anxiety, and depression. Participants categorized as having online gambling disorder comprised 0.89% (n = 24) of the total sample and 2.71% of those who have gambled at some time. We discuss these findings and their practical implications in this article and propose future lines of research.
Dispositional mindfulness profiles in pregnant women: relationships with dyadic adjustment and symptoms of depression and anxiety
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023-09-06) Echabe Ecenarro, Oiana; Orue Sola, Izaskun ; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Introduction: Pregnancy is a time of major transition that can be stressful for women. Dispositional mindfulness may protect individuals when they face stress. Recent studies have adopted a person-centered approach to examine the role of mindfulness by identifying subtypes of individuals based on their scores in five mindfulness facets. Latent profile analysis was used to identify different mindfulness profiles in a sample of pregnant women, and we explored the relationships between these profiles, depression and anxiety symptoms, and whether dyadic adjustment mediated these relationships. Method: A total of 535 women aged 18–45 years in their 26th week of pregnancy completed questionnaires regarding mindfulness, dyadic satisfaction and cohesion, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Results: Three profiles were identified: (1) low mindfulness (53.8%), (2) moderate mindfulness (34.3%), and (3) non-judgmentally aware (11.9%). The most adaptive profile was the non-judgmentally aware profile. Compared to the low mindfulness profile, the non-judgmentally aware profile and the moderate mindfulness profile were related to fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and these relationships were partly mediated by dyadic satisfaction. Discussion: These results suggest that analyzing each pregnant woman’s mindfulness profile can improve the prevention of and interventions for anxiety and depression.
Do testosterone and cortisol levels moderate aggressive responses to peer victimization in adolescents?
(Cambridge University Press, 2024-05) Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Orue Sola, Izaskun
Aggressive reactions to peer victimization may be tempered by hormone levels. Grounded on the dualhormone hypothesis (DHH), which proposes that testosterone (T) is associated with aggressive behavior only when cortisol (C) is low, this study assessed whether the combination of T and C moderated adolescents' aggressive responses to peer victimization. The study involved 577 adolescents (50.4% girls, aged 12-17 years), who completed measures of online and offline victimization and perpetration of aggressive behavior in three waves over the course of one year. Moreover, they provided salivary samples to measure T and C levels. Multilevel analyses showed a three-way interaction between T, C, and victimization levels for both online and offline aggressive behaviors. In both cases, the adolescents with high T and high C or low T and low C responded with more aggressive behaviors when victimized or provoked by peers. The T/C ratio was only associated with aggressive behavior in the girls' sample. The results are opposite to those predicted by the DHH, but they are consistent with the findings of other studies that examined aggressive behaviors as reactions to provocations. These results suggest that some combinations of T and C predict higher aggressive reactions to peer victimization.
Early maladaptive schemas and social information processing in child-to-parent aggression
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2021-08) Orue Sola, Izaskun; Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Fernández González, Liria
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to assess the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and child-to-parent aggression (CPA) and to test whether social information processing (SIP) mediates this association. A total of 903 adolescents (50.9% girls) completed measures of EMSs at Time 1, SIP at Time 1 and Time 2 (1 year later), and CPA at Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3 (2 years later) to determine whether SIP measured at Time 2 mediated between the EMSs measured at Time 1 and CPA measured at Time 3. The results showed that each schema evaluated in this study had a different effect on SIP components and CPA. The SIP components of anger and aggressive response access in turn predicted CPA, mediating the relationship between two EMSs and CPA. More specifically, the schemas of defectiveness and the justification of violence predicted the response access component of SIP, which in turn predicted CPA. The results also showed bidirectional relationships between SIP components and CPA; whereas SIP components predicted CPA, the latter also predicted a worsening in SIP, perpetuating the problem. Furthermore, several gender differences were found in these paths. The findings indicate that intervention in the social-cognitive mechanisms is important to reduce adolescents’ aggression directed toward their parents.
Effects of a brief preventive intervention in cyberbullying and grooming in adolescents
(Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2021-05) Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Cortazar Enciondo, Nerea ; Fernández González, Liria ; Echezarraga Porto, Ainara; Beranuy Fargues, Marta; León, Ana; González Cabrera, Joaquín; Orue Sola, Izaskun
The development of brief and inexpensive interventions that reduce risky behaviors in adolescence constitute a challenge for current research. This study addresses the prevention of two online behavior problems in adolescents (cyberbullying and online grooming). Two pilot studies evaluated the effects of a 1-hour intervention, which combined self-affirmation (SA) with the incremental theory of personality (ITP), for cyberbullying and online grooming. Study 1 involved 339 adolescents (51% male, mean age = 14.12 years, SD = 0.70), who were randomly assigned to the SA + ITP intervention or one of two control conditions. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the SA + ITP intervention reduced the reciprocity between sexual solicitation and sexualized interaction with adults, as well as between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Study 2 included 214 adolescents (50.3% male, mean age = 14.06 years, SD = 0.96), who were randomly assigned to the SA + ITP or a control condition. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that the SA + ITP reduced the reciprocity between sexual solicitation and sexualized interaction with adults, and reduced cyberbullying perpetration. The studies provided preliminary evidence of the benefits of the SA + ITP intervention.
Effects of an incremental theory of the personality intervention on psychophysiological responses to social stress during the transition to college
(Springer, 2023-05) Calvete Zumalde, Esther ; Orue Sola, Izaskun ; Prieto Fidalgo, Ángel ; Gómez Odriozola, Joana; Mueller, Sven C.; Royuela Colomer, Estíbaliz ; Morea, Aida ; Ruiz Alonso, Eneko; Larrucea Iruretagoyena, Maite; Little, T.D.; Fernández González, Liria
This randomized controlled trial (NCT04786496) examined the effects of a preventive intervention based on Incremental Theory of the Personality (ITP) on psychophysiological responses to social stress and evaluated whether levels of depression moderate the intervention effects. The participants, 107 first-year university students, were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: ITP intervention, ITP + a self-affirmation intervention (SA), and a control condition (CC). Indicators of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and subjective mood were assessed with the Trier Social Stress Task. Participants in the ITP condition displayed a lower decline in respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) compared to those in the CC during the first phases of the task [Slopes: -0.08 (0.09) vs -0.21 (0.09), z = 2.86, p =.004] and a higher decrease in cortisol at recovery [β = -0.18 (0.08), z = -2.37, p =.018]. Depressive symptoms moderated the effect of ITP [β = -0.10 (0.05), z = -2.15, p =.032] and ITP+SA [β = -0.09 (0.04), z = -2.06, p =.039] in the decline during stress and recovery in RSA. In participants with low/medium levels of depressive symptoms, both interventions predicted a lower decline during stress [Slopes: -0.06 (0.09) for ITP, -0.17 (.09) for ITP+SA, and -0.26 (0.09) for CC] and higher recovery in RSA [Slopes: 0.18 (0.01) for ITP, 0.24 (0.01) for ITP+SA, and 0.30 (0.01) for CC]. The findings suggest that the ITP intervention has the potential to be an effective preventive intervention to reduce the stress response.
Efficacy of a brief intervention based on an Incremental Theory of Personality in the prevention of adolescent dating violence: a randomized controlled trial
(Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2020) Fernández González, Liria; Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Sánchez Álvarez, Nicolás
New intervention approaches are required for dating violence (DV) prevention, given the limited results of existing programs in achieving behavioral changes. The main objective of this study was to explore the effect of a brief, single-session intervention aimed at promoting an incremental theory of personality (ITP) on dating violence perpetration (DVP) and dating violence victimization (DVV). A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel groups (experimental vs. control) was conducted. Participants were 123 adolescents (53.7% females, Mage = 15.20, SD = 0.99). Assessment measures were administered one week prior to the intervention, and six months and one year after the intervention. The results of the hierarchical linear models showed that the interaction between time and condition was statistically significant for DVP, showing a significant decrease both in traditional and cyber dating abuse in the experimental condition. The ITP intervention had no effect on DVV. Our findings suggest that the ITP intervention decreases the perpetration of aggressive acts toward the dating partner and support the idea that strategies aimed at preventing peer conflict may also prevent DVP. Increasing our empirical evidence about the efficacy of a one-hour self-applied intervention is of great relevance for moving forward in the prevention of DV.
Emotion dysregulation and mindfulness in non-suicidal self-injury
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2022-06-25) Calvete Zumalde, Esther ; Royuela Colomer, Estíbaliz; Maruottolo, Claudio
This study examined the association between mindfulness and engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (ENSSI) and whether emotion dysregulation explains this association. A secondary objective was to explore the difference between participants who engaged in a suicide attempt and those who only engaged in non-suicidal self-injury. A sample of 201 psychiatric patients (62.7% female; age range: 18–71 years old) participated in the study. The path analysis indicated that trait mindfulness was negatively associated with all emotion dysregulation dimensions and that one of these dimensions, impulse control difficulty, was associated with higher ENSSI. Moreover, impulse control difficulty was associated with increased odds of having attempted suicide. These findings suggest that mindfulness is a relevant construct to ENSSI with and without a suicide attempt. Future studies should investigate mindfulness-based interventions for ENSSI and the role played by the capacity to control impulses when experiencing negative emotions.
A growth mindset intervention to promote resilience against online peer victimization: a randomized controlled trial
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022-10) Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Orue Sola, Izaskun; Echezarraga Porto, Ainara; Cortazar Enciondo, Nerea; Fernández González, Liria
Online peer victimized adolescents are at an increased risk of several behavioral and emotional problems. Most cyberbullying interventions have focused on reducing the frequency of online peer aggressions. Meanwhile, less attention has been given to building resilience in victims to reduce the impact of victimization on their mental health. This study tested the effects of an online growth mindset intervention aimed at building resilience in victims. Eight hundred and fifty-six adolescents (47.10% female) were randomly assigned to the resilience vs. educational control intervention. The adolescents completed measures of online peer victimization, behavioral and emotional problems (online peer aggressions, depression, social anxiety, eating problems, and non-suicidal self-injury), entity theory of personality beliefs, and attitudes toward defending the victims of online peer aggressions at pretest and at three and six months. The resilience intervention reduced the predictive association between online peer victimization and online peer aggression and social anxiety, and it increased the association between online peer victimization and attitude towards defending the victims. The resilience intervention also reduced the entity theory of personality beliefs in all adolescents. These results are promising given that the intervention lasted only approximately 40–45 min.
Interaction of psychopathic traits dimensions in the prediction of psychological and physical child-to-parent violence in adolescents
(Springer, 2022-03) Hoyo Bilbao, Joana del ; Orue Sola, Izaskun; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
This study examined the longitudinal relationships between three psychopathic trait dimensions (callous-unemotional, CU; grandiose-manipulative, GM; and impulsive-irresponsible, II) and their interaction in the prediction of psychological and physical child-to-parent violence (CPV). Furthermore, the study examined whether the predictive relationships were different for boys and girls. A total of 765 adolescents (463 girls), with a mean age of 15.28 years (SD = 1.04), completed measures of the psychopathic trait dimensions (CU, GM, and II) and psychological and physical CPV at the beginning of the study and six months later. At the cross-sectional level, all the psychopathic trait dimensions were related to psychological and physical CPV, although the effect sizes were small. At the longitudinal level, II predicted increased psychological CPV. A significant three-way interaction between the three psychopathic trait dimensions (CU, GM, and II) indicated that the longitudinal association between II and physical CPV was higher for adolescents with high CU and low GM. However, the predictive model did not differ for boys and girls.
The interpersonal mindfulness in parenting scale: examining the reliability and validity in spanish parents
(Springer, 2023-02) Orue Sola, Izaskun; Larrucea Iruretagoyena, Maite; Royuela Colomer, Estíbaliz; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Objectives: Mindful parenting is the extension of dispositional mindfulness to parent–child interactions. The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale (IM-P) is a 31-item self-report measure to assess different dimensions of mindful parenting. Its psychometric properties have been evaluated in several countries. Two studies were conducted, and the principal aim was to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the IM-P in two samples of Spanish parents. Method: In Study 1, 785 parents filled out this questionnaire and a dispositional mindfulness questionnaire. In Study 2, 859 parents responded to questions about mindful parenting and self-compassion. Results: The results of an exploratory factor analysis suggested a 5-factor structure in Study 1: nonjudgmental acceptance of parental functioning, compassion for the child, listening with full attention, self-regulation in parenting, and emotional awareness of the child. This 5-factor model was also evaluated through a confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2. The 5 factors showed good internal consistency and positive correlations with measures of dispositional mindfulness (Study 1) and self-compassion (Study 2). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the IM-P has demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity in two samples of Spanish parents.
Interpretation biases in social scenarios and social anxiety: the role of safety behaviors
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2022-06-14) Prieto Fidalgo, Ángel; Miers, Anne; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
Interpretation bias (IB) and safety behaviors (SB) are maintenance mechanisms of social anxiety (SA). However, few studies have examined the role of IB and SB together in explaining SA. The objective of this study was to determine whether SB explains the association between IB and SA. To evaluate these variables, the Adolescents’ Interpretation and Beliefs Questionnaire (AIBQ 2.0) and the Social Phobia Safety Behaviors Scale (SPSBS) needed to be adapted for Spanish adolescents and young people. 826 Spanish vocational training students (60% males, 14–28 years old) completed a measure of SA and the AIBQ 2.0 and SPSBS. Path analysis showed that IB in offline scenarios was associated with SA through SB. IB in offline situations, but not in online situations, was directly associated with SA. As expected, the AIBQ 2.0 showed a two-dimensional structure and good internal consistency. The SPSBS demonstrated a unidimensional structure and good internal consistency. In the absence of longitudinal studies, the data are compatible with the possible mediating role of SB in the association between IB and SA. Both instruments (AIBQ 2.0 and SPSBS) exhibited good psychometric properties for Spanish students.

Examinando por Autor "Calvete Zumalde, Esther"

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