DeustoTeka
DeustoTeka recoge la producción científica del personal docente e investigador de la Universidad de Deusto. Su propósito es reunir, archivar, preservar y aumentar la visibilidad en acceso abierto de los resultados de investigación.
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AI-driven self-healing across the edge–cloud continuum: a systematic literature review
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-10-01) Bonilla, Lander; Díaz de Arcaya Serrano, Josu; Aguirre Usandizaga, Jon; Almeida, Aitor
Context: The increasing complexity posed by Edge–Cloud Continuum architectures requires innovative software development practices and paradigms. Traditional software engineering practices fall short for addressing the particularities of such deployments; hence, there is a critical need for innovative tools and techniques capable of autonomous self-remediation and enhanced resilience with minimal human intervention. Objective: The overarching goal of this study is to synthesize the state-of-the-art with regard to AI-driven self-healing in the computing continuum. Implementation challenges and ethical implications are analyzed to identify effective approaches, architectures, and future trends in the field of automated program repair. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and Kitchenham’s methodology for software engineering. A rigorous automated search across designated academic databases initially yielded 2930 records. After applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 99 primary studies were selected. Results: The analysis reveals a fundamental paradigm shift from observational monitoring to actionable, autonomous repair. While LLM-driven approaches and Agentic frameworks demonstrate high efficacy in tasks such as causal discovery and complex code patching, a critical validation gap remains regarding their deployment in non-deterministic runtime environments. Current literature often lacks the rigorous testing frameworks required to ensure that AI-generated repairs do not introduce regressions or security vulnerabilities. Conclusion: Achieving trustworthy autonomy requires a holistic approach that merges advanced AI paradigms with disciplined software engineering. Future research must prioritize the creation of standardized benchmarks and empirical studies to bridge the gap between theoretical algorithms and industrial application. Furthermore, the development of decentralized multi-agent architectures and Human-in-the-Loop techniques is essential to ensure safety, explainability, and ethical compliance in the next generation of resilient software systems.
Monitoring the viscoelastic evolution of vinyl ester resins for SMC via non-contact resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
(Elsevier Ltd, 2026-10) Fernández-Caballero Fariñas, María Dolores; Achiaga, Beatriz; Camacho-Iglesias, Marta; García-Etxabe, Rafael B.
Monitoring the pre-cure maturation of thermosetting resins, particularly in Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC) manufacturing, is critical for ensuring processability and final part quality. This stage involves complex viscoelastic changes driven by ionic thickening, a process often classified using industrial know-how rather than robust quantitative methods. However, current standard characterization methods remain destructive or contact-based, hindering their use for continuous, in-situ monitoring. This study presents a contactless methodology based on Non-Contact Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NC-RUS), implemented via Air-Coupled Ultrasound (ACU) to monitor the maturation of vinyl ester (VE) resin over a 30-day period. We compared a neat resin control against a formulation thickened with 3 wt% magnesium oxide (MgO). Ultrasonic parameters, estimated from thickness resonance spectra, show that, for the thickened samples, both longitudinal velocity and attenuation increase significantly with time, in contrast to the control samples confirming the ultrasonic sensitivity to the ionic thickening of the VE. Furthermore, the trends in longitudinal modulus and attenuation were validated against a standard curve of apparent viscosity obtained via Brookfield viscometry. This points to a correlation with the phenomenological stages of SMC maturation. These findings show the potential of ACU as a powerful contactless tool for the in-situ monitoring of resin pre-cure state in composite manufacturing.
STUN comprehension-optional attributes as a covert channel: design, implementation, and detection
(Elsevier Ltd, 2026-11) Gorrochategui, Gorka
; Zulaika Zurimendi, Unai
; Garaizar, Pablo
Real-time communication protocols carry implicit trust at perimeter defenses because enterprise networks must allow them for Voice over IP (VoIP) and Web Real-Time Communication (WEBRTC) operation. Existing covert-channel literature has explored Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling (Mazurczyk and Szczypiorski, 2008), Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)/RTCP media (Mazurczyk, 2013; Schmidt et al. 2018), and WEBRTC streams (Barradas et al. 2020; Figueira et al. 2022), but Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN), despite its central role in NAT traversal and its ubiquity in modern networks, has not been investigated as a covert channel carrier. We design a Layer 2 covert channel that encapsulates arbitrary Ethernet frames within STUN comprehension-optional attributes, which RFC 5389 (Rosenberg et al., 2008) requires compliant implementations to silently ignore. A bidirectional polling mechanism overcomes STUN's client–server asymmetry, producing a full-duplex tunnel indistinguishable from legitimate Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) keep-alive traffic. A portable proof-of-concept was implemented and deployed on two embedded Linux devices of distinct architectures: an ARM-based Yealink T19P E2 IP phone and a MIPS-based Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X. Empirical evasion testing was conducted against Snort 3 with 47,143 Talos rules, Suricata 8 with the ET Open ruleset, Zeek with the spicy_STUN analyzer, and a FortiGate 40F firewall running full Unified Threat Management (UTM) services. Across 3646 data-carrying covert messages, no signature or protocol-aware engine flagged the traffic as anomalous. To address the detection gap, we propose a lightweight Shannon-entropy detector applied to optional-attribute payloads. The mean per-attribute entropy of the covert channel reaches 6.247 bits/byte, well above the highest entropy observed in 1358 legitimate STUN messages from the ITC-Net-blend-60 dataset (4.392 bits/byte from Telegram). A 4.5 bits/byte threshold flags all 3646 covert messages while producing zero false positives across the legitimate corpus. These results expose a systemic detection gap in current network defense strategies and motivate the integration of entropy-aware inspection into Real-Time Communication (RTC) signaling protocols.
A preliminary study of satisfaction with university mentoring in high-intellectual-ability secondary students: instrument validation and association with key learning processes
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026-06-01) Martínez Izaguirre, Miryam
; Peña San José, Jon; Álvarez, Alexander
Academic satisfaction is positioned as a fundamental psychological construct with regard to academic success, linked to well-being and cognitive engagement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the satisfaction of secondary school students with high intellectual abilities (HIA) participating in the university mentoring program in the Basque Country Autonomous Community. A quantitative methodology was used with a sample of 90 students. A purpose-developed 17-item questionnaire with 17 items used to measure the different areas that make up the multidimensionality of satisfaction. The results indicate very high levels of overall satisfaction, with particular emphasis on the quality of the bond and the mentor’s expertise. Likewise, through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the validity of the instrument was tested under the ‘Big Four’ model (improvement-oriented learning, individualization, feedback and practical tasks with minimal transfer). It is concluded that the mentoring program used constitutes a suitable educational response that harmonizes intellectual challenge with the psychosocial support necessary to transform potential into talent.
Assessor versus assessee: a scoping review of the impact of peer assessment roles on cognitive, intrapersonal, and interpersonal outcomes
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2026-06-23) Zamorano Sande, David
; Alqassab, Maryam
; Panadero, Ernesto
Peer assessment can shape students' learning across cognitive, intrapersonal, and interpersonal outcomes. When students participate in peer assessment, they can take on two distinct roles, as assessors or as assessees, each of which may shape their learning differently. However, only recently, there has been interest in comparing how each role contributes to students' learning. This comparison comes with a challenge: students usually play both roles reciprocally, making it difficult to disentangle the effect of each. We conducted a scoping review to examine the methodological approaches, and the evidence generated from peer assessment studies comparing the effects of the assessor and assessee roles on cognitive, intrapersonal, and interpersonal learning outcomes. Our review identified 19 studies, most conducted in higher education contexts. They compared the differential impact on cognitive (n = 9), intrapersonal (n = 9), and interpersonal (n = 1) outcomes. Among the studies focusing on cognitive outcomes, a subset used designs that specifically isolated each role, yet even these produced inconsistent results: in some studies students acting as assessors outperformed assessees, while in others both roles led to similar gains. In contrast, research focusing on intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes is largely exploratory, though it offers a useful foundation for developing more focused designs aimed at specific variables. We propose a set of guidelines for future research aimed at systematically disentangling the impact of the assessor and assessee roles on the three aforementioned outcomes.