El absentismo laboral: conceptualización y elementos para combatirlo
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Fecha
2026-03-31
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Universidad de Málaga (UMA)
Resumen
El absentismo laboral es un fenómeno complejo que desafía a empresas y juristas, careciendo de una definición unívoca en España. Este estudio propone un cambio de paradigma: centrarse en ausencias injustificadas o evitables, superando la visión estadística que ignora la conducta humana. El análisis desglosa causas que abarcan desde la salud mental y condiciones de trabajo hasta «actos de rebeldía» y el sutil «presentismo». Para combatirlo, se ofrecen herramientas transversales que van más allá del castigo: estrategias de fidelización, mejora del clima laboral y el papel estratégico de la negociación colectiva. No obstante, se subraya que incentivos como los pluses de asistencia deben ser escrupulosos con la legalidad para evitar cualquier discriminación por salud o género. Mediante indicadores objetivos y el refuerzo de la «democracia económica o industrial», este estudio pretende trazar una hoja de ruta integral para transformar el absentismo en un entorno de compromiso y bienestar compartido.
Work absenteeism is a complex phenomenon that challenges both companies and legal experts, as it lacks an univocal definition in Spain. This study proposes a paradigm shift: focusing on un-justified or avoidable absences, moving beyond a statistical perspective that overlooks human behavior. The analysis breaks down causes ranging from mental health and working conditions to “acts of rebellion” and subtle “presenteeism”. To combat it, transversal tools are offered that go beyond punishment: loyalty strategies, the improvement of the work environment, and the strategic role of collective bargaining. However, it emphasizes that incentives such as attendance bonuses must strictly adhere to legality to avoid any discrimination based on health or gender. Through objective indicators and the reinforcement of “economic or industrial democracy,” this study aims to draft a comprehensive roadmap to transform absenteeism into an environment of commitment and shared well-being.
Work absenteeism is a complex phenomenon that challenges both companies and legal experts, as it lacks an univocal definition in Spain. This study proposes a paradigm shift: focusing on un-justified or avoidable absences, moving beyond a statistical perspective that overlooks human behavior. The analysis breaks down causes ranging from mental health and working conditions to “acts of rebellion” and subtle “presenteeism”. To combat it, transversal tools are offered that go beyond punishment: loyalty strategies, the improvement of the work environment, and the strategic role of collective bargaining. However, it emphasizes that incentives such as attendance bonuses must strictly adhere to legality to avoid any discrimination based on health or gender. Through objective indicators and the reinforcement of “economic or industrial democracy,” this study aims to draft a comprehensive roadmap to transform absenteeism into an environment of commitment and shared well-being.
Palabras clave
Absentismo laboral
Incapacidad temporal
Negociación colectiva
Productividad
Prevención
Work absenteeism
Temporary disability
Collective bargaining
Productivity
Prevention
Incapacidad temporal
Negociación colectiva
Productividad
Prevención
Work absenteeism
Temporary disability
Collective bargaining
Productivity
Prevention
Descripción
Materias
Cita
Arrieta Idiakez, F. J. (2026). El absentismo laboral: conceptualización y elementos para combatirlo. Revista de Estudios Jurídico Laborales y de Seguridad Social (REJLSS), 13, 68-110. https://doi.org/10.24310/REJLSS13202623268