Intervenciones de ejercicio físico en el medio natural en personas con trastornos por uso de sustancias: revisión sistemática
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2025-09-10
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Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)
Resumen
Introducción: el ejercicio físico y la exposición a los espacios naturales son herramientas evidenciadas con carácter beneficioso en los procesos de tratamiento en personas con trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) (Shirazi et al., 2025; Wicks et al., 2022).
Objetivo: recoger resultados, tendencias y conclusiones de los estudios realizados en el ámbito del ejercicio físico en el medio natural en personas con TUS.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Web of Science, Pubmed y Scopus. Se incluyeron 5 estudios y se analizaron teniendo en cuenta las características generales, específicas y la calidad metodológica.
Resultados: los estudios seleccionados indican que el ejercicio físico en el medio natural es una herramienta eficaz para la mejora de aspectos psicológicos de las personas con TUS. También se observa que el abanico de actividades es escaso y la calidad metodológica es baja o aceptable en líneas generales.
Discusión: los escasos estudios encontrados nos demuestran que las intervenciones de ejercicio físico en el medio natural es una herramienta coadyuvante en personas con TUS. Por otro lado, se han encontrado limitaciones metodológicas en los estudios y en el futuro se deben de abordar estudios que tengan en cuenta una mayor calidad metodológica, se basen en principios FITT y midan variables biológicas y de condición física.
Conclusiones: la revisión sistemática halló que el ejercicio físico en la naturaleza mejoró la ansiedad, depresión, estrés y craving en personas con TUS. También se observaron tendencias positivas en bienestar y abstinencia. Se identificó la necesidad de estudios futuros con mejor diseño metodológico, aplicando principios del ejercicio y midiendo variables biológicas para optimizar las intervenciones.
Introduction: physical exercise as well as exposure to the outdoors are proven beneficial tools in the treatment processes of people with substance use disorders (SUD) (Shirazi et al., 2025; Wicks et al., 2022). Objective: to collect results, study trends and conclusions from studies carried out in the field of physical exercise in the natural environment in people with SCT. Methodology: a systematic review was carried out on the Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases. Five studies were included and analyzed considering general and specific characteristics and methodological quality. Results: the selected studies indicate that physical exercise in the natural environment is an effective tool for the improvement of psychological aspects of people with SCT. It is also observed that the range of activities is scarce, and the methodological quality is low or acceptable in general terms. Discussion: the few studies found show that physical exercise interventions in the natural environment are a coadjutant tool for people with SCI. On the other hand, methodological limitations have been found in the studies and in the future studies that consider a higher methodological quality, are based on FITT principles and measure biological and physical condition variables should be addressed. Conclusions: the systematic review found that physical exercise in nature improved anxiety, depression, stress and craving in people with SCT. Positive trends in well-being and abstinence were also observed. It identified the need for future studies with better methodological design, applying exercise principles and measuring biological variables to optimize interventions.
Introduction: physical exercise as well as exposure to the outdoors are proven beneficial tools in the treatment processes of people with substance use disorders (SUD) (Shirazi et al., 2025; Wicks et al., 2022). Objective: to collect results, study trends and conclusions from studies carried out in the field of physical exercise in the natural environment in people with SCT. Methodology: a systematic review was carried out on the Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases. Five studies were included and analyzed considering general and specific characteristics and methodological quality. Results: the selected studies indicate that physical exercise in the natural environment is an effective tool for the improvement of psychological aspects of people with SCT. It is also observed that the range of activities is scarce, and the methodological quality is low or acceptable in general terms. Discussion: the few studies found show that physical exercise interventions in the natural environment are a coadjutant tool for people with SCI. On the other hand, methodological limitations have been found in the studies and in the future studies that consider a higher methodological quality, are based on FITT principles and measure biological and physical condition variables should be addressed. Conclusions: the systematic review found that physical exercise in nature improved anxiety, depression, stress and craving in people with SCT. Positive trends in well-being and abstinence were also observed. It identified the need for future studies with better methodological design, applying exercise principles and measuring biological variables to optimize interventions.
Palabras clave
Ejercicio físico
Medio natural
Trastorno uso consumo de sustancias
Terapia coadyuvante
Adjuvant therapy
Natural environment
Physical exercise
Substance use disorder
Medio natural
Trastorno uso consumo de sustancias
Terapia coadyuvante
Adjuvant therapy
Natural environment
Physical exercise
Substance use disorder
Descripción
Materias
Cita
Roa Mora, D., Lázaro Fernández, Y., & Moro, Á. (2025). Intervenciones de ejercicio físico en el medio natural en personas con trastornos por uso de sustancias: revisión sistemática. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 71, 964-976. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V71.117219