Translation and validation of the Attitudes towards Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Physical Education questionnaire (AISDPE) and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) in Basque
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2026-02-01
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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Inclusive education is currently a central priority within the Basque educational system, where the right to education is understood as a fundamental right that must be guaranteed in inclusive environments fostering social interaction among all members of the school community. Attitudes towards inclusion are a key factor for ensuring the participation of students with disabilities, and empathy has been identified as one of the main capacities supporting inclusive practices. The aim of this study was to translate to Basque, culturally adapt, and validate the Attitudes towards Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Physical Education Questionnaire (AISDPE) and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES). A validation and reliability study was conducted with 151 students enrolled in compulsory secondary education at a public school in Gipuzkoa. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to assess construct validity. Reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficients for each dimension of both questionnaires. Results demonstrated satisfactory reliability for both instruments (α and ω > 0.75), supporting their applicability in Basque. These findings contribute to the availability of validated tools to assess attitudes towards inclusion and empathy, thereby facilitating future research on inclusive education in the Basque context.
Palabras clave
Attitude
Disability
Empathy
Inclusion
Secondary education
Validation
Disability
Empathy
Inclusion
Secondary education
Validation
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Olasagasti-Ibargoien, J., Uria-Olaizola, N., & Zabala-Domínguez, O. (2026). Translation and validation of the Attitudes towards Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Physical Education questionnaire (AISDPE) and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) in Basque. Disabilities, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/DISABILITIES6010001