Examinando por Autor "Machimbarrena Garagorri, Juan Manuel"

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    Bidirectional relationships between cyberbystanders’ roles, cyberbullying perpetration, and justification of violence
    (SAGE Publications Inc., 2023-05) Orue Sola, Izaskun; Fernández González, Liria; Machimbarrena Garagorri, Juan Manuel; González Cabrera, Joaquín; Calvete Zumalde, Esther
    Bystanders play a key role in understanding the phenomenon of cyberbullying (CB). The main aim of this study is to explore longitudinal bidirectional relationships among cyberbystanders’ reaction, CB perpetration, and CB justification. Participants were 1,105 adolescents (56.7% girls; Mage = 13.56, SD = 1.21) who answered self-reported questionnaires about CB perpetration, CB justification, and cyberbystanders’ reaction at two measurement periods spaced 8 months apart. The results showed that cyberbystanders who assisted and/or reinforced the aggressor had higher scores for CB perpetration and justification than those who supported or defended the victim. Furthermore, cyberbystanders’ pro-aggressive behavior at Time 1 (T1) predicted an increase in CB perpetration and justification at Time 2 (T2), and T1 CB perpetration predicted an increase in T2 CB justification. These findings highlight the precursor role that acting as an assistant or reinforcer of the perpetrator may have on their own perpetration of future CB aggressions.
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    Epidemiology of peer cybervictimization and its relationship with health-related quality of life in adolescents: a prospective study
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-04) González Cabrera, Joaquín ; Díaz López, Adoración; Caba Machado, Vanessa; Ortega Barón, Jessica; Echezarraga Porto, Ainara; Fernández González, Liria; Machimbarrena Garagorri, Juan Manuel
    Introduction: Research focused on the association between peer cybervictimization and declining health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is scarce. Currently, few longitudinal studies find an association between these phenomena, and none focus on cybervictimization profiles. The main objectives are: (1) to analyze the point and period prevalence, and incidence of cybervictimization profiles (uninvolved, new, ceased, intermittent, and stable cybervictims); (2) to study the relationship between cybervictimization and HRQoL over time; (3) to determine the longitudinal impact on the HRQoL of each type of profile. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in three waves over 13 months. A total of 1142 adolescents aged 11–18 years participated in all the waves (630 girls, 55.2%). Results: The prevalence of victimization for the three waves was 21.6% (Wave 1; W1), 23.5% (W2), and 19.6% (W3), respectively. The period prevalence was 41.3%, and the accumulated incidence was 25.1%. It was found that 24% of the participants were new victims, 5.9% were intermittent victims, and 6% were stable victims. Being a cybervictim at W1 poses a relative risk of 1.73 [1.29–2.32], that is, a twofold increased risk of presenting a low HRQoL 13 months later compared to those who are not cybervictims. Conclusion: One in four adolescents became a new cybervictim during the 13 months of the study. The adolescents who presented poorer HRQoL were the stable cybervictims.
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    Loot boxes in Spanish adolescents and young adults: relationship with internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) González Cabrera, Joaquín; Basterra González, María Aranzazu ; Montiel Juan, Irene; Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Pontes, Halley M.; Machimbarrena Garagorri, Juan Manuel
    In recent years, the video game industry has introduced the possibility of buying virtual random goods (e.g., loot boxes) in electronic games using money through microtransactions, which are becoming more widespread and potentially akin to gambling. Although previous research has linked loot boxes with problematic gaming and gambling behaviors, there are very few studies that relate them to the clinical indicators of these problems. The overall goal of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of loot box purchasing behavior and its association with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Online Gambling Disorder (OGD). A secondary objective is to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Problematic Use of Loot Boxes Questionnaire (PU-LB). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 6633 participants (4236 males, 63.9%, and 4123 minors, 62.2%) with an average age of 16.73 ± 3.40 in a range of 11–30 years. The Spanish versions of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF) and the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) were used. A total of 2013 (30.4%) participants reported purchasing a loot box in the last 12 months (28.9% among minors). A person who had purchased a loot box in the last 12 months had a prevalence rate (PR) of 3.66 [95% CI 2.66, 5.05] of presenting an IGD, and a PR = 4.85 [IC 95% 2.58, 9.12] of presenting an OGD. The PU-LB exhibited adequate reliability and validity indicators and was positively and significantly related to loot box expenditure, IGDS9-SF, and OGD-Q scores. The results are further discussed, and practical implications and future lines of research proposed
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    Moderating factors of the association between being sexually solicited by adults and active online sexual behaviors in adolescents
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-11) Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Fernández González, Liria; Royuela Colomer, Estíbaliz; Morea, Aida; Larrucea Iruretagoyena, Maite; Machimbarrena Garagorri, Juan Manuel; González Cabrera, Joaquín; Orue Sola, Izaskun
    Online sexual solicitation involves receiving sexual solicitations from adults, which can be followed by active online sexual behaviors by the victims. This study examined the moderator role of some characteristics of adolescents (sex, age, and problematic Internet use) that could make them more vulnerable to react by engaging in active sexual behaviors when they are the recipients of sexual solicitations. The final sample was comprised of 1260 adolescents (55.6% girls, 12–17 years) who completed measures in two waves with an interval of one year. The measures included online sexual solicitation, active sexual interaction with an adult, and sexting to friends and/or one's partner in both waves of the study. Sexual solicitations by adults predicted an increase in sexualized interactions with adults and sending sexts to friends and/or one's partner. Moderation tests indicated that, although girls receive more sexual solicitations, they are actively involved to a lesser extent than boys in sexualized interactions with adults and in sending sexts. The youngest adolescents received fewer sexual solicitations, but those who did receive sexual solicitations sent more sexts to friends and/or one's partner. Problematic Internet use, although associated with all online sexual risks, did not moderate the dynamics between risks.
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    Validación de un cuestionario para evaluar el abuso en relaciones de pareja en adolescentes (CARPA), sus razones y las reacciones
    (Aitana Investigación, Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 2021-03) Calvete Zumalde, Esther; Fernández González, Liria ; Orue Sola, Izaskun; Machimbarrena Garagorri, Juan Manuel; González Cabrera, Joaquín
    En este estudio se desarrolló un cuestionario para evaluar los abusos offline y online en las relaciones de pareja en adolescentes (victimización y perpetración), así como las razones y reacciones a los abusos. Este cuestionario intenta subsanar algunas de las limitaciones de otros cuestionarios al incluir la evaluación no solo de los actos violentos sino también las razones del agresor y las reacciones de las víctimas. El cuestionario incluye novedades en el formato para reducir solapamiento entre victimización y perpetración debido a sesgos de respuesta. Participaron 886 adolescentes (11-18 años, M = 14.49, DT = 1.45; 51.7% chicas) de 16 centros escolares de siete comunidades españolas. El cuestionario resultante consiste en 24 ítems de victimización, 24 de perpetración y 24 para las razones y reacciones a las agresiones. El formato de respuesta va desde 0 (nunca) hasta 3 (casi siempre). Los resultados confirmaron un modelo de medida de estructura jerárquica en la que dos dimensiones de segundo orden (victimización y perpetración) explicaban cada una cinco factores específicos: violencia verbal offline, control offline, agresiones físicas y sexuales, violencia directa online y control online. La consistencia interna de las escalas fue excelente (α ordinal: .75-.97). Las razones más frecuentes del abuso fueron los celos y el enfado. También son reseñables los casos en los que la agresión representa una reacción a la agresión recibida (20%). El consumo de alcohol y drogas está implicado en un número pequeño de casos. La alta tendencia a perdonar la agresión fue una de las reacciones más frecuentes de la víctima. Las chicas mostraron mayores tasas de actos abusivos tanto como víctimas como perpetradoras