DeustoTeka Examinando por Autor "Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa"

Examinando por Autor "Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa"

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Altered frontal white matter asymmetry and its implications for cognition in schizophrenia: a tractography study
(Elsevier Inc., 2019-01-01) Gómez Gastiasoro, Ainara; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa ; Rilo Cano, Oiane; Schretlen, David J. ; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Background: White matter (WM) alterations are well documented in schizophrenia. Abnormalities in interhemispheric fibers appear to account for altered WM asymmetry in the illness. However, the regional specificity (e.g., frontal versus occipital) of these alterations and their potential contribution to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia remain unknown. Methods: Forty one patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls (HC) underwent diffusion-weighted imaging on a 3 Tesla MRI machine. Tract-based spatial statistic (FSL) was used to assess whole brain differences in WM. Probabilistic tractography was performed in order to separately measure frontal and occipital WM tracts. Participants also completed tests of verbal memory and processing speed. Repeated measures analyses of covariance and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. Results: A significant group x cerebral hemisphere interaction was found for fractional anisotropy (FA) (F (1,17) = 7.03; p =.017; η p 2 = 0.29) and radial diffusivity (RD) (F (1,17) = 4.84; p =.042; η p 2 = 0.22) in the frontal tract of patients versus HC. Healthy controls showed higher mean FA and lower mean RD in the left frontal tract compared to patients, who showed the opposite pattern. In patients with schizophrenia, mean FA and RD in the right frontal tract correlated with verbal memory (r = −0.68, p =.046; r = 0.77, p =.015). Conclusions: Asymmetric WM alterations were found in a frontal tract of patients with schizophrenia. Higher mean FA in the right frontal tract correlated with worse verbal memory performance, suggesting a possible contribution these brain changes to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
Altered functional connectivity in the default mode network is associated with cognitive impairment and brain anatomical changes in Parkinson's disease
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016-12) Lucas Jiménez, Olaia; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia ; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Díez Cirarda, María ; Cabrera Zubizarreta, Alberto ; Gómez Esteban, Juan Carlos ; Gómez Beldarrain, María Ángeles ; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa
Objective To assess whether functional neural connectivity is disrupted between the regions of the default mode network (DMN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and how this connectivity is related to cognition, brain gray matter structure and white matter integrity and diffusivity. Methods Thirty-seven PD patients and 16 healthy controls were evaluated, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), T1-weighted MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging and a battery of cognitive tests. Functional connectivity between the regions of the DMN, specifically in the precuneus, anterior and posterior cingulate, medial prefrontal and temporal and inferior parietal cortices was assessed with seed-to-voxel connectivity; gray matter volume and white matter values were determined using voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics. Results Reduced functional connectivity was observed between the posterior cingulate and medial temporal lobe in PD. Lower cognitive performance, gray matter loss in posterior, medial temporal and parietal areas, and fractional anisotropy reduction in the white matter adjacent to DMN regions were also observed in PD patients compared with healthy controls. Lower DMN functional connectivity correlated with lower verbal and visual memory and visual abilities performance in PD. In addition, lower DMN functional connectivity correlated with lower gray matter volume in the posterior cingulate and precuneus, and with lower white matter fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal and posterior cingulate fasciculi in PD. Conclusions By combining different neuroimaging techniques and cognitive data, results showed that functional connectivity alteration between the regions of the DMN is associated with lower cognitive performance and gray and white matter abnormalities in PD.
Amygdala neurodegeneration: a key driver of visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025-02-17) Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier; Murueta-Goyena Larrañaga, Ane; Jiménez Marín, Antonio; Acera Gil, María Ángeles; Teijeira Portas, Sara; Pino, Rocío del; Fernández Valle, Tamara; Diez, Ibai ; Sainz Lugarezaresti, Unai; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Ayala Fernández, Unai; Barrenechea Carrasco, Maitane; Cabrera Zubizarreta, Alberto; Cortés, Jesús; Gómez Esteban, Juan Carlos; Gabilondo Cuellar, Iñigo
Objective: Visual disability in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not fully explained by retinal neurodegeneration. We aimed to delineate the brain substrate of visual dysfunction in PD and its association with retinal thickness. Methods: Forty-two PD patients and 29 controls underwent 3-Tesla MRI, retinal spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and visual testing across four domains. Voxel-level associations between gray matter volume and visual outcomes were used to define a visual impairment region (visualROI). Functional connectivity of the visualROI with brain networks was analyzed. Covariance analysis of brain regions associated with retinal thinning (retinalROI) was conducted using hierarchical clustering to develop a model of retinal and brain neurodegeneration linked to disease progression. Results: The amygdala was the primary component of the visualROI, comprising 32.3% and 14.6% of its left and right volumes. Functional connectivity analysis revealed significant disruptions between the visualROI and medial/lateral visual networks in PD. Covariance analysis identified three clusters within retinalROI: (1) the thalamic nucleus, (2) the amygdala and lateral/occipital visual regions, and (3) frontal regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and frontal attention networks. Hierarchical clustering suggested a two-phase progression: early amygdala damage (Braak 1–3) disrupting visual network connections, followed by retinal and frontal atrophy (Braak 4–5) exacerbating visual dysfunction. Interpretation: Our findings support a novel, amygdala-centric two-phase model of visual dysfunction in PD. Early amygdala degeneration disrupts visual pathways, while advanced-stage disconnection between the amygdala and frontal regions and retinal neurodegeneration contributes to further visual disability.
Amygdala structure and function and its associations with social-emotional outcomes in a low-risk preterm sample
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-03) Fernández de Gamarra Oca, Lexuri; Lucas Jiménez, Olaia; Ontañón Garcés , José María; Loureiro González, Begoña; Peña Lasa, Javier; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; García Guerrero, Acebo; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire
Amygdala atypical volume development and functional connectivity (FC) at small gestational ages (GA) have been found across childhood. This adult-oriented study assesses whether altered amygdala structure and function is present following low-risk preterm birth. T1-weighted and resting-state functional MRI images of 33 low-risk preterm (30–36 weeks’ GA) and 29 full-term (37–42 weeks’ GA) young adults of both sexes, aged between 20 and 32 years old, were analyzed using FreeSurfer (v6.0.0) and Coon Toolbox (v21.a). The social-emotional assessment included Happé’s Strange Stories Test, the Moral Judgment Test, Delay-Discounting Test, Adult Self Report, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. No differences were found in social-emotional outcomes or amygdala volumes between the groups. Low-risk preterm young adults showed increased FC between the left amygdala, right amygdala and medial frontal cortex (MedFC) (F = 9.89, p-FWE = 0.009) at cluster level compared to their full-term peers. However, significant results at connection level were not observed between left and right amygdala. Lastly, increased FC at cluster level between the right amygdala and MedFC, and left amygdala and MedFC, was related to better social-emotional outcomes only in low-risk preterm young adults (F = 6.60, p-FWE = 0.036) at cluster level. At connection level, in contrast, only right amygdala–MedFC increased FC was significantly associated with better social-emotional outcomes. This study reveals that low-risk prematurity does not have an effect on social-emotional outcomes or structural amygdala volumes during young adulthood. However, individuals who were considered to be at a lower risk of exhibiting neurodevelopmental alterations following preterm birth demonstrated increased FC between the left and right amygdala and MedFC.
Analyzing structural and functional brain changes related to an integrative cognitive remediation program for schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial
(Elsevier B.V., 2023-05) Sampedro, Agurne; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa ; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Cabrera Zubizarreta, Alberto; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro Manuel ; Gómez Gastiasoro, Ainara; Iriarte Yoller, Nagore ; Pavón, Cristóbal ; Tous Espelosín, Mikel ; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Cognitive remediation has been shown to improve cognition in schizophrenia, but little is known about the specific functional and structural brain changes related to the implementation of an integrative cognitive remediation program. This study analyzed the functional and structural brain changes identified after implementing an integrative cognitive remediation program, REHACOP, in schizophrenia. The program combined cognitive remediation, social cognitive training, and functional and social skills training. The sample included 59 patients that were assigned to either the REHACOP group or an active control group for 20 weeks. In addition to a clinical and neuropsychological assessment, T1-weighted, diffusion-weighted and functional magnetic resonance images were acquired during a resting-state and during a memory paradigm, both at baseline and follow-up. Voxel-based morphometry, tract-based spatial statistics, resting-state functional connectivity, and brain activation analyses during the memory paradigm were performed. Brain changes were assessed with a 2 × 2 repeated-measure analysis of covariance for group x time interaction. Intragroup paired t-tests were also carried out. Repeated-measure analyses revealed improvements in cognition and functional outcome, but no significant brain changes associated with the integrative cognitive remediation program. Intragroup analyses showed greater gray matter volume and cortical thickness in right temporal regions at post-treatment in the REHACOP group. The absence of significant brain-level results associated with cognitive remediation may be partly due to the small sample size, which limited the statistical power of the study. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify whether the temporal lobe may be a key area involved in cognitive improvements following cognitive remediation.
Apathy and brain alterations in Parkinson's disease: a multimodal imaging study
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018-05-28) Lucas Jiménez, Olaia; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia; Peña Lasa, Javier; Cabrera Zubizarreta, Alberto; Díez Cirarda, María; Gómez Esteban, Juan Carlos ; Gómez Beldarrain, María Ángeles ; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa
Apathy is a common nonmotor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD) affecting 40% of patients. The aim of the study was to investigate brain changes and correlates of frontal, striatal, and limbic pathways related to subclinical symptoms of apathy in PD patients. Thirty-two PD patients divided into low-subclinical symptoms of apathy (LSA) (n = 18) and high-subclinical symptoms of apathy (HSA) (n = 14) and 25 healthy controls (HC) underwent a T1-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and resting-state functional MRI. Apathy was evaluated with the Lille Apathy Rating Scale. Voxel-based morphometry, tract-based spatial statistics, and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed with a region-of-interest approach. HSA-PD showed increased white matter axial and mean diffusivity compared with HC and increased white matter axial diffusivity compared with LSA-PD. HSA-PD showed decreased fronto-striatal and fronto-limbic FC compared with HC and decreased fronto-striatal FC compared with LSA-PD. LSA-PD showed decreased fronto-limbic but increased fronto-striatal FC (hyperconnectivity) compared with HC. No significant differences in grey matter were found. Fronto-striatal FC and white matter axial and mean diffusivity were associated with symptoms of apathy in HSA-PD. The fronto-striatal hyperconnectivity was associated with lower symptoms of apathy in LSA-PD. Findings suggest distinct brain alterations in PD groups with subclinical symptoms of apathy. The increased pattern of activation in LSA-PD, accompanied with lower apathetic symptomatology, might be the initial manifestation of compensatory mechanisms for dysfunctional limbic pathway. The same pattern of hyperconnectivity has been found in other pathologies and the implication of these abnormalities as a cross-disease model for initial apathy symptomatology is further discussed.
Brain degeneration in synucleinopathies based on analysis of cognition and other nonmotor features: a multimodal imaging study
(MDPI, 2023-02-15) Lucas Jiménez, Olaia; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Diez, Ibai; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Tijero Merino, Beatriz; Galdos Iztueta, Marta; Murueta-Goyena Larrañaga, Ane; Pino, Rocío del; Acera Gil, María Ángeles ; Gómez Esteban, Juan Carlos; Gabilondo Cuellar, Iñigo; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Background: We aimed to characterize subtypes of synucleinopathies using a clustering approach based on cognitive and other nonmotor data and to explore structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain differences between identified clusters. Methods: Sixty-two patients (n = 6 E46K-SNCA, n = 8 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and n = 48 idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD)) and 37 normal controls underwent nonmotor evaluation with extensive cognitive assessment. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed on patients’ samples based on nonmotor variables. T1, diffusion-weighted, and resting-state functional MRI data were acquired. Whole-brain comparisons were performed. Results: HCA revealed two subtypes, the mild subtype (n = 29) and the severe subtype (n = 33). The mild subtype patients were slightly impaired in some nonmotor domains (fatigue, depression, olfaction, and orthostatic hypotension) with no detectable cognitive impairment; the severe subtype patients (PD patients, all DLB, and the symptomatic E46K-SNCA carriers) were severely impaired in motor and nonmotor domains with marked cognitive, visual and bradykinesia alterations. Multimodal MRI analyses suggested that the severe subtype exhibits widespread brain alterations in both structure and function, whereas the mild subtype shows relatively mild disruptions in occipital brain structure and function. Conclusions: These findings support the potential value of incorporating an extensive nonmotor evaluation to characterize specific clinical patterns and brain degeneration patterns of synucleinopathies.
Brain white matter correlates of creativity in schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor imaging study
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020-06-23) Sampedro, Agurne; Peña Lasa, Javier; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Cabrera Zubizarreta, Alberto; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro Manuel; Gómez Gastiasoro, Ainara; Iriarte Yoller, Nagore; Pavón, Cristóbal; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
The relationship between creativity and psychopathology has been a controversial research topic for decades. Specifically, it has been shown that people with schizophrenia have an impairment in creative performance. However, little is known about the brain correlates underlying this impairment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze whole brain white matter (WM) correlates of several creativity dimensions in people with schizophrenia. Fifty-five patients with schizophrenia underwent diffusion-weighted imaging on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging machine as well as a clinical and a creativity assessment, including verbal and figural creativity measures. Tract-based spatial statistic, implemented in FMRIB Software Library (FSL), was used to assess whole brain WM correlates with different creativity dimensions, controlling for sex, age, premorbid IQ, and medication. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) in frontal, temporal, subcortical, brain stem, and interhemispheric regions correlated positively with figural originality. The most significant clusters included the right corticospinal tract (cerebral peduncle part) and the right body of the corpus callosum. Verbal creativity did not show any significant correlation. As a whole, these findings suggest that widespread WM integrity is involved in creative performance of patients with schizophrenia. Many of these areas have also been related to creativity in healthy people. In addition, some of these regions have shown to be particularly impaired in schizophrenia, suggesting that these WM alterations could be underlying the worse creative performance found in this pathology.
Clinical (but not cognitive) recovery in schizophrenia through the experience of fictional cinema
(Elsevier Inc., 2015-12) Peña Lasa, Javier; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro Manuel; Elizagarate Zabala, Edorta; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Ezcurra, Jesús; Caballero Martínez, Luis; Magariños, M.; García del Castillo, Inés; Molina Gutiérrez, Miguel Ángel; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Introduction: One of the criticisms of rehabilitation techniques is their limited application to the patient's daily life. In the past, cinema has been used as a psychiatric rehabilitation tool, with the primary objective of facilitating training in social abilities and communication. In this study, we consider the use of film not only as a clinical recovery tool but also as a novel cognitive recovery tool for additional rehabilitation not only for communication and social abilities but also for all of the basic cognitive and social cognition processes. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 48 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to an experimental or control group. Both of the groups received treatment sessions that included viewing episodes of the television series The Sopranos. Next, the experimental group participated in a structured cognitive training session that featured questions and exercises based on the episodes. The control group participated in an idea-sharing session (of the same duration and frequency) about what the group members saw in the episode. Results: At the end of the treatment, both the positive and negative clinical symptoms of the experimental group improved significantly compared with the control group. However, this improvement was not observed in basic or social cognitive functions. Discussion: A brief intervention based on transforming the activities of daily life can be an effective tool for psychiatric rehabilitation. However, the study's current characteristics and sample did not produce benefits in cognitive parameters.
Cognitive scores as a potential diagnostic tool in schizophrenia: the use of raw and discrepancy scores
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020-11-09) Gómez Gastiasoro, Ainara; Peña Lasa, Javier; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; Pino, Rocío del; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Objective: Cognitive scores could be a useful tool when discriminating between patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and non-psychiatric population. However, whether these scores can contribute to the accurate diagnosis of the disease is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the best approach as to the inclusion of cognitive impairment as a potential clinical tool in the diagnosis of SZ. Method: A total of 258 patients with SZ and 202 healthy controls (HC) were assessed by means of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A). In addition to raw scores, participants' discrepancy scores (DS) in these two cognitive measures were calculated using regression-based norms controlling for age, years of education and premorbid intelligence quotient. Receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed for both scores in order to assess their diagnostic properties. Results: The areas under the curve (AUC) of the HVLT-R total and delayed recall, and TMT-A raw scores were statistically significant and ranged from 0.67 to 0.87. Although significant, AUC of verbal memory DS were lower than those of raw scores (AUC = 0.84; AUC = 0.80). AUC of TMT-A DS was not significant. Conclusions: Results suggest that cognitive scores are useful and accurate when discriminating and classifying patients with SZ and HC in the present sample. Raw scores were shown to be more accurate than DS in patients with SZ and to present good diagnostic properties especially regarding verbal memory measures. Obtained indices support the use of cognitive scores as diagnostic criterion in the diagnosis of SZ.
Cognitive, creative, functional, and clinical symptom improvements in schizophrenia after an integrative cognitive remediation program: a randomized controlled trial
(Nature Research, 2021-12) Sampedro, Agurne; Peña Lasa, Javier; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro Manuel; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Gómez Gastiasoro, Ainara; Iriarte Yoller, Nagore; Pavón, Cristóbal; Tous Espelosín, Mikel; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
This study analyzed the effectiveness of an integrative cognitive remediation program (REHACOP) in improving neurocognition, social cognition, creativity, functional outcome, and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, possible mediators predicting improvement in functional outcomes were explored. The program combined cognitive remediation with social cognitive training and social and functional skill training over 20 weeks. The sample included 94 patients, 47 in the REHACOP group and 47 in the active control group (occupational activities). Significant differences were found between the two groups in change scores of processing speed, working memory, verbal memory (VM), inhibition, theory of mind, emotion processing (EP), figural creative strengths, functional competence, disorganization, excitement, and primary negative symptoms. A mediational analysis revealed that changes in VM, inhibition, and EP partially explained the effect of cognitive remediation on functional competence improvement. This study provides initial evidence of the effect of integrative cognitive remediation on primary negative symptoms and creativity.
Combining social cognitive treatment, cognitive remediation, and functional skills training in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016-11-09) Peña Lasa, Javier ; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa ; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro Manuel ; Iriarte Durán, María B.; Elizagarate Zabala, Edorta; Garay, María A.; Gutiérrez, Manuel; Iribarren, Aránzazu; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
This study examined the efficacy of an integrative cognitive remediation program (REHACOP) in improving cognition and functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia. The program combines cognitive remediation, social cognitive intervention, and functional skills training. Few studies have attempted this approach. One hundred and eleven patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either the cognitive remediation group (REHACOP) or an active control group (occupational activities) for 4 months (three sessions per week, 90 min). Primary outcomes were change on general neurocognitive performance and social cognition, including theory of mind (ToM), emotion perception (EP), attributional style, and social perception (SP). Secondary outcomes included changes on clinical symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and functional outcome (UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment and the Global Assessment of Functioning). The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02796417). No baseline group differences were found. Significant differences were found in the mean change between the REHACOP group and control group in neurocognition (•p2=0.138), SP (•p2=0.082), ToM (•p2=0.148), EP (•p2=0.071), negative symptoms (η•p2=0.082), emotional distress (η•p2=0.136), Global Assessment of Functioning (η•p2=0.081), and UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (η•p2=0.154). The combination of cognitive remediation, social cognitive intervention, and functional skills training demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful changes in neurocognition, social cognition, negative, and functional disability.
Comparing transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial random noise stimulation over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus: effects on divergent and convergent thinking
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-11-03) Peña Lasa, Javier ; Sampedro, Agurne; Balboa Bandeira, Yolanda ; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; García Guerrero, Acebo ; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
The essential role of creativity has been highlighted in several human knowledge areas. Regarding the neural underpinnings of creativity, there is evidence about the role of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) on divergent thinking (DT) and convergent thinking (CT). Transcranial stimulation studies suggest that the left DLPFC is associated with both DT and CT, whereas left IFG is more related to DT. However, none of the previous studies have targeted both hubs simultaneously and compared transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and random noise stimulation (tRNS). Additionally, given the relationship between cognitive flexibility and creativity, we included it in order to check if the improvement in creativity may be mediated by cognitive flexibility. In this double-blind, between-subjects study, 66 healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (N = 22) that received a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), or sham for 20 min. The tDCS group received 1.5 mA with the anode over the left DLPFC and cathode over the left IFG. Locations in tRNS group were the same and they received 1.5 mA of high frequency tRNS (100–500 Hz). Divergent thinking was assessed before (baseline) and during stimulation with unusual uses (UU) and picture completion (PC) subtests from Torrance Creative thinking Test, whereas convergent thinking was evaluated with the remote association test (RAT). Stroop test was included to assess cognitive flexibility. ANCOVA results of performance under stimulation (controlling for baseline performance) showed that there were significant differences in PC (F = 3.35, p = 0.042, (Formula presented.) = 0.10) but not in UU (F = 0.61, p = 0.546) and RAT (F = 2.65, p = 0.079) scores. Post-hoc analyses showed that tRNS group had significantly higher scores compared to sham (p = 0.004) in PC. More specifically, tRNS showed higher performance in fluency (p = 0.012) and originality (p = 0.021) dimensions of PC compared to sham. Regarding cognitive flexibility, we did not find any significant effect of any of the stimulation groups (F = 0.34, p = 0.711). Therefore, no further mediation analyses were performed. Finally, the group that received tDCS reported more adverse effects than sham group (F = 3.46, p = 0.035). Altogether, these results suggest that tRNS may have some advantages over tDCS in DT.
Contributions of sex, depression, and cognition on brain connectivity dynamics in Parkinson’s disease
(Nature Research, 2021-12-16) Díez Cirarda, María ; Gabilondo Cuellar, Iñigo; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Gómez Esteban, Juan Carlos; Kim, Jinhee; Lucas Jiménez, Olaia; Pino, Rocío del; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia ; Mihaescu, Alexander; Valli, Mikaeel; Acera Gil, María Ángeles ; Cabrera Zubizarreta, Alberto ; Gómez Beldarrain, María Ángeles ; Strafella, Antonio P.
Alterations in time-varying functional connectivity (FC) have been found in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. To date, very little is known about the influence of sex on brain FC in PD patients and how this could be related to disease severity. The first objective was to evaluate the influence of sex on dynamic FC characteristics in PD patients and healthy controls (HC), while the second aim was to investigate the temporal patterns of dynamic connectivity related to PD motor and non-motor symptoms. Ninety-nine PD patients and sixty-two HC underwent a neuropsychological and clinical assessment. Rs-fMRI and T1-weighted MRI were also acquired. Dynamic FC analyses were performed in the GIFT toolbox. Dynamic FC analyses identified two States: State I, characterized by within-network positive coupling; and State II that showed between-network connectivity, mostly involving somatomotor and visual networks. Sex differences were found in dynamic indexes in HC but these differences were not observed in PD. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified three phenotypically distinct PD subgroups: (1) Subgroup A was characterized by mild motor symptoms; (2) Subgroup B was characterized by depressive and motor symptoms; (3) Subgroup C was characterized by cognitive and motor symptoms. Results revealed that changes in the temporal properties of connectivity were related to the motor/non-motor outcomes of PD severity. Findings suggest that while in HC sex differences may play a certain role in dynamic connectivity patterns, in PD patients, these effects may be overcome by the neurodegenerative process. Changes in the temporal properties of connectivity in PD were mainly related to the clinical markers of PD severity.
Demographically calibrated norms for two premorbid intelligence measures: the Word Accentuation Test and Pseudo-Words reading subtest
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2018-10-11) Pino, Rocío del; Peña Lasa, Javier; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Schretlen, David J.; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
The Word Accentuation Test (WAT, Spanish adaptation of the NART) and the Pseudo-Words (PW) Reading subtest from the Battery for Reading Processes Assessment-Revised (PROLEC-R) are measures to estimate premorbid IQ. This study aims to develop demographically calibrated norms for these premorbid measures in a representative sample of the adult Spanish population in terms of age, education, and sex. A sample of 700 healthy participants from 18 to 86 years old completed the WAT and the PW Reading subtest. The effect of age, years of formal education, and sex on WAT total score, PW total score, and time to complete the PW task (PW time) were analyzed. Percentiles and scalar scores were obtained for each raw score according to nine age ranges and individual education levels. The results indicated a significant effect of age and education on the premorbid performance assessed, with no significant effect of sex. Age and education explained from 1.9 to 33.2% of the variance in premorbid IQ variables. Older participants with fewer years of education obtained worse premorbid IQ estimates. This premorbid IQ estimation decline started in the 56-65 age range for WAT total score and PW time, whereas it started in the 71-75 age range for PW total score. This study reports the first demographic-calibrated norms for WAT and PW Reading subtest for Spanish-speaking population. Even though the influence of age and years of education on premorbid IQ measures was confirmed, the PW Reading subtest showed to be more resistant to decline in elderly population than the WAT.
Dynamic functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment and normal cognition
(Elsevier Inc., 2018-01) Díez Cirarda, María; Strafella, Antonio P. ; Kim, Jinhee; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia; Cabrera Zubizarreta, Alberto; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa
The objective was to assess dynamic functional connectivity (FC) and local/global connectivity in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and with normal cognition (PD-NC). The sample included 35 PD patients and 26 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive assessment followed an extensive neuropsychological battery. For resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) analysis, independent component analysis (ICA) was performed and components were located in 7 networks: Subcortical (SC), Auditory (AUD), Somatomotor (SM), visual (VI), cognitive-control (CC), default-mode (DMN), and cerebellar (CB). Dynamic FC analysis was performed using the GIFT toolbox. FC differences between groups in each FC state were analysed with the network-based statistic (NBS) approach. Finally, a graph-theoretical analysis for local/global parameters was performed. The whole sample showed 2 dynamic FC states during the rs-fMRI. PD-MCI patients showed decreased mean dwell time in the hypo-connectivity state (p = 0.030) and showed increased number of state transitions (p = 0.007) compared with the HC. In addition, in the hypo-connectivity state, PD-MCI patients showed reduced inter-network FC between the SM-CC, SM-VI, SM-AUD, CC-VI and SC-DMN compared with the HC (p < 0.05-FDR). These FC alterations in PD-MCI were accompanied by graph-topological alterations in nodes located in the SM network (p < 0.001). In contrast, no differences were found between the PD-NC and HC. Findings suggest the presence of dynamic functional brain deteriorations in PD-MCI that are not present in PD-NC, showing the PD-MCI group dynamic FC dysfunctions, reduced FC mostly between SM-CC networks and graph-topological deteriorations in the SM network. A dynamic FC approach could be helpful to understand cognitive deterioration in PD.
The effect of changing the balance between right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on different creativity tasks: a transcranial random noise stimulation study
(Creative Education Foudation, 2021-12) Peña Lasa, Javier; Sampedro, Agurne; Gómez-Gastiasoro, Ainara; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; Aguiar, Covadonga; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) increases performance in some perceptual tasks. However, little is known about its effect on creativity. Although dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been postulated as an important cortical area related to creativity, the relative role of left and right DLPFC is still unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of anodal left/cathodal right (L + R−) and cathodal left/anodal right (L − R+) tRNS over the DLPFC. Eighty-four participants were randomly assigned to L + R−, L−R+ or sham group. Current was set at 2 mA (100–500 Hz) with a 1 mA direct current offset (20 min). Creativity was assessed before and during tRNS with the Remotes Associates Test (RAT), Unusual Uses (UU) and Picture Completion (PC) from Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, nine-dot problem and matchstick arithmetic problems. Bootstrapped analysis of covariance (under-stimulation scores controlling for baseline) showed that L + R− and L − R+ groups had higher scores than sham in UU whereas only L + R− improved in RAT compared to sham. The L − R+ group performed significantly better than L + R− and sham groups in PC, nine-dot problem and matchstick arithmetic problems. L + R− DLPFC may help verbal creative thinking whereas the L − R + seems to produce a “releasing effect” through insight problem solving and originality.
The effect of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over bilateral posterior parietal cortex on divergent and convergent thinking
(Nature Research, 2020-09-23) Peña Lasa, Javier; Sampedro, Agurne; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Zubiaurre Elorza, Leire; Aizpurua Gordillo, Aralar; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Creativity pervades many areas of everyday life and is considered highly relevant in several human living domains. Previous literature suggests that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is related to creativity. However, none of previous studies have compared the effect of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over bilateral PPC on both verbal and visual divergent thinking (DT) and Remote Associates Test (RAT) in the same experimental design. Forty healthy participants were randomly assigned to tRNS (100–500 Hz) over bilateral PPC or sham group, for 15 min and current was set at 1.5 mA. Participants’ creativity skills were assessed before and after brain stimulation with the Unusual Uses and the Picture Completion subtests from the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking and the RAT. ANCOVA (baseline scores as covariate) results indicated that tRNS group had significantly higher scores at post-test in RAT and visual originality compared to sham group. Unusual Uses, on the other hand, was not significant. Improvement in RAT suggests the involvement of PPC during via insight solution which may reflect internally directed attention that helps the recombination of remotely associated information. The improvement in visual originality dimension from DT may be due to a higher internally directed attention while reducing externally oriented attention.
Effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(MDPI AG, 2021-05-18) Sanchez Luengos, Itsasne; Balboa Bandeira, Yolanda ; Lucas Jiménez, Olaia; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia ; Peña Lasa, Javier ; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa
Cognitive deficits influence the quality of life of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. In order to reduce the impact of cognitive impairment in PD, cognitive rehabilitation programs have been developed. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in non-demented PD patients. Twelve articles were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The systematic review showed that attention, working memory, verbal memory, executive functions and processing speed were the most frequently improved domains. Meta-analysis results showed moderate effects on global cognitive status (g = 0.55) and working memory (g = 0.50); small significant effects on verbal memory (g = 0.41), overall cognitive functions (g = 0.39) and executive functions (g = 0.30); small non-significant effects on attention (g = 0.36), visual memory (g = 0.29), verbal fluency (g = 0.27) and processing speed (g = 0.24); and no effect on visuospatial and visuoconstructive abilities (g = 0.17). Depressive symptoms showed small effect (g = 0.24) and quality of life showed no effect (g = -0.07). A meta-regression was performed to examine moderating variables of overall cognitive function effects, although moderators did not explain the heterogeneity of the improvement after cognitive rehabilitation. The findings suggest that cognitive rehabilitation may be beneficial in improving cognition in non-demented PD patients, although further studies are needed to obtain more robust effects.
Effects of cognitive rehabilitation on cognition, apathy, quality of life, and subjective complaints in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial
(Elsevier B.V., 2020-05) Montoya Murillo, Genoveva; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Peña Lasa, Javier; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Objective: To determine the efficacy of a new-generation integrative cognitive rehabilitation (CR) program (Rehacop) on cognition, clinical symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and subjective complaints in the elderly. Design: A randomized controlled trial study with a cohort of elderly people over 55 years of age. Setting: Communities of the Basque Country (Spain). Participants: A total of 124 elderly participants (aged 79.00 ± 8.85 years) were randomized in the Rehacop group (RG) (n = 62) and control group (CG) (n = 62). Intervention: The RG attended 39 CR sessions for 3 months (3 sessions/week, 60-minute/session) with the Rehacop program. The CG performed occupational tasks with the same frequency and duration as the RG. Methods: Participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment at baseline and post-treatment which included cognitive, clinical, and functional tests. In addition, participants and their formal caregivers completed a subjective complaints questionnaire. The data were analyzed according to the intention to treat analysis and with participants who completed the study. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03435029). Results: The RG showed significant improvements compared to the CG in neurocognition (ANCOVA timexgroup interaction effect size (ηp 2)=0.05, 90% confidence interval (CI) = 0.00–0.12). The RG also reduced apathy (ηp 2=0.06, 90% CI = 0.01–0.15) and participants’ subjective complaints (ηp 2=0.11, 90% CI = 0.03–0.21) and improved QoL (ηp 2=0.08, 90% CI = 0.01–0.17). Conclusions: Participants who attended the intervention improved their cognition, QoL, and reduced apathy and subjective complaints after treatment. These findings provide a new understanding of the benefits of CR in the elderly.

Examinando por Autor "Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa"

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