DeustoTeka Examinando por Autor "Aonso Diego, Gema"

Examinando por Autor "Aonso Diego, Gema"

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Assessment of contextualized reinforcement pathology in a community sample of young adult substance users
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025-06-17) García Pérez, Ángel; González Roz, Alba; Secades Villa, Roberto; Aonso Diego, Gema; Weidberg López, Sara Eva; Yoon, Jin H.
Background: Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis are the most commonly used substances among young populations, often leading to polysubstance use, which correlates with problematic consumption and adverse health outcomes. The contextualized reinforcer pathology (CRP) model explains addictive behaviors through several constructs, including the following: drug demand, delay discounting (DD), and substance-free and substance-related reinforcement. Most previous studies have focused on a single CRP construct and the couse of only two substances. This study aimed to characterize three subgroups of young adults reporting past month use of alcohol only, alcohol + tobacco or cannabis, and alcohol + tobacco + cannabis, in terms of the three constituents of the CRP model. Methods: Young adult students (N = 1487) completed CRP measures including the Alcohol Purchase Task, the Delay Discounting Task (for monetary rewards), and an abbreviated version of the Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule-Substance Use Version (ARSS-SUV). ANOVA, chi-square, and Student's t-tests were conducted to analyze group differences in terms of the CRP model. Results: Higher demand intensity (p = 0.001) and reinforcement from substance-related activities (p < 0.001) significantly predicted using alcohol + cannabis + tobacco compared to alcohol only use. DD and some alcohol demand indices (i.e., Omax, Pmax, breakpoint and elasticity) were not associated with any substance use pattern. Conclusions: Findings suggest that polysubstance use may enhance reward from leisure and social activities. Individuals with high reinforcement from substance-related activities or high alcohol demand should be delivered interventions promoting activities that are both reinforcing and serve as alternatives to substance use.
Cluster analysis based on gambling variables and mental health in a clinical population of gamblers
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-10) Aonso Diego, Gema; Macía Guerrero, Laura; Montero Matellanes, Mikel; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana
Background: Interest in characterizing individuals involved in addictive behaviors has been growing, which allows tailoring prevention and intervention strategies to the gambler's needs. The study aimed to 1) identify clusters of gamblers according to gambling-related characteristics and mental health; and 2) analyze differences in psychological variables between the clusters. Methods. A total of 83 participants undergoing treatment for gambling disorder (Mage = 45.52, 51.8 % female) completed a set of questionnaires. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to classify gambling based on gambling variables (i.e., gambling severity and gambling motives) and mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, and hostility). Several ANOVAs were conducted to illustrate the distinguishing features of each cluster, encompassing both the variables included in the cluster analysis and other relevant psychological variables. Results. Findings suggest that gamblers can be classified into three clusters based on these variables: 1) “high gambling severity and good mental health,” 2) “high gambling severity and poor mental health,” and 3) “low gambling severity and good mental health.” These clusters were differentiated as a function of psychological variables, such as emotional dependence, alexithymia, and stressful life events. Conclusions. Classifying gamblers according to their profile provides a better understanding of their needs and problems, allowing for a more tailored approach in terms of prevention and intervention strategies.
Early maladaptive schemas and perceived impact of COVID-19: the moderating role of sex and gambling
(Springer, 2024) Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Macía Guerrero, Laura; Aonso Diego, Gema; Herrero Lázaro, Marta
Ample evidence indicates that early maladaptive schemas play an important role in the perceived impact of COVID-19 on individuals. Likewise, people with gambling disorder (GD), as well as women, show more maladaptive schemas than people without an addictive condition and men. However, no research to date has investigated the interrelationship between maladaptive schemas and the perceived impact of COVID-19, and even fewer studies have disaggregated the results by sex and clinical condition. This study aimed to examine the relationship between maladaptive schemas and the perceived impact of COVID-19 (i.e., emotional, physical, occupational, social, care, and quality of life). Second, we assessed the moderating role of sex and clinical group (i.e., gambling vs. non-gambling) on this relationship. A case-control study was performed with 160 participants, specifically 80 people with GD and 80 non-gamblers. The findings showed that individuals with greater maladaptive schemas showed higher COVID-19 impact. Moreover, gamblers presented higher maladaptive schemas and lower COVID-19 impact. Finally, the outcomes indicated that the male sex moderates the failure and imperfection schemas and the perceived impact on occupational and physical health, while the female sex moderates the attachment schemas and the global impact. These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating variables such as sex and GD when tailoring strategies for prevention, evaluation, and intervention for individuals. Additionally, the significance of adopting a gender-inclusive perspective was emphasized
Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for addictive behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier Inc., 2024-05-08) Krotter Díaz, Andrea; Aonso Diego, Gema; González Menéndez, Ana; González Roz, Alba; Secades Villa, Roberto; García Pérez, Ángel
The use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has expanded in the field of addictive disorders in recent years. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of ACT compared to other active interventions in terms of treatment completion, addiction-related outcomes, and changes in psychological flexibility. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Four random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess the effectiveness of ACT in terms of completion rates and abstinence at the end of treatment (EOT), in the short term (≤6 months follow-up), and in the long term (>6-month follow-up). Participants’ sex and age, the number of ACT sessions, the characteristics of the experimental condition (i.e., ACT combined with pharmacological intervention or non-combined) and the comparison condition (i.e., ACT compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT] or non-CBT interventions), treatment modality (face-to-face or technology-based approaches), and the targeted addictive behavior were examined as moderators. A total of 28 studies were included in the systematic review and 22 in the meta-analysis. There were no differences in EOT completion rates (Log RR = 0.0038; 95% CI: −0.026, 0.034). ACT increased the odds of abstinence at EOT (Log RR = 0.264; 95% CI: 0.046, 0.482) and at short-term follow-up (Log RR = 0.295; 95% CI: 0.108, 0.483), but not in the long term (Log RR = 0.164; 95% CI: −0.101, 0.430). ACT demonstrated higher abstinence rates than CBT conditions at EOT (p = 0.002). A lower age increased abstinence rates in the short (p = 0.004) and long term (p < 0.001), whereas a greater number of ACT sessions increased long-term abstinence rates (p < 0.001). ACT is an effective approach for promoting short-term abstinence. In the long term, it is at least as effective as other empirically validated therapies, such as CBT. Further studies are needed to clarify the effects of increasing psychological flexibility on addictive behaviors.
Emotional distress and body dissatisfaction: the mediating role of social media and emotional regulation
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-07) López Montón, Milena; Aonso Diego, Gema; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana
Background: Body dissatisfaction is defined as a negative attitude towards one’s body, characterized by emotional disorders. Currently, problematic use of social media seems to be associated with an increase in body dissatisfaction and emotional distress. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between emotional distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and body dissatisfaction, as well as the mediating role of emotional regulation and problematic social media use in this relationship. In addition, the study aims to identify sex differences in the four research variables. Methods: Measures of the four variables mentioned above were administered to 2520 participants over 18 (M = 48.35; SD = 16.56, 51% females). Results: The results reveal that women reported higher levels of emotional regulation, emotional distress, body dissatisfaction, and problematic use of social media. Emotional distress correlated with problematic use of social media, emotion regulation strategies (i.e., rumination and catastrophizing), and body dissatisfaction. The relationship between emotional distress and body dissatisfaction was mediated by the problematic use of social media and emotional regulation. Conclusions: These findings underscore the relevance of educating social media users on strategies for emotional regulation. The results highlight the clinical importance of including the emotion regulation approach to a comprehensive understanding of body dissatisfaction.
Exploring the interrelations of obsessions, compulsions, and health: the mediating role of psychotic symptoms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-09-17) Aonso Diego, Gema; Parada Fernández, Pamela; Mendo Sancho, Laura; Macía Guerrero, Laura; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Maruottolo, Claudio
Background: Despite the high comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive and psychotic symptoms, little is known about its impact on the health of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to 1) explore the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in individuals with OCD, and 2) examine the mediating role of psychotic symptoms in the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and overall health. Methods: This study included 102 participants undergoing treatment for OCD (Mage = 42.33, SD = 14.40, 52.9 % female). Structural equation modeling was employed to assess whether psychotic symptoms mediated the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and health outcomes. Results: Among participants with OCD (from mild to severe), 53.9 % exhibited positive psychotic symptoms, 74.7 % presented negative psychotic symptoms, and 83.5 % showed depressive psychotic symptoms. A significant correlation was found between OCD symptoms and psychotic symptoms (r ranging from .338 to .512). Structural equation modeling indicated that psychotic symptoms fully mediated the relationship between compulsions and health. Conclusions: Understanding the intricate relationship between OCD and psychotic symptoms remains a critical challenge in mental health research and clinical practice. Enhanced insights into this connection could facilitate more precise diagnoses and allow for more personalized treatments.
The impact of gambling advertising and marketing on online gambling behavior: an analysis based on Spanish data
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-09) García Pérez, Ángel; Krotter Díaz, Andrea; Aonso Diego, Gema
Objectives: Online platforms have transformed gambling into a daily activity for many, raising concerns about its potential harm. Notably, marketing strategies play a crucial role in influencing gambling behaviors and normalizing gambling. This study aims to explore the relationship between monthly marketing expenditure by the gambling industry, the online amount of money bet, and the number of online accounts (active and new) in Spain. A secondary goal is to assess the impact of marketing restrictions under the Spanish Royal Decree 958/2020 on the relationship between marketing and online gambling behavior. Study design: Longitudinal study. Methods: Data covering January 2013 to December 2023. Dependent variables included: new accounts, active accounts, gambler deposits, and the total money bet. Independent variables included: expenditure on advertising, bonuses, affiliate marketing, and sponsorship. A Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model was employed to assess marketing's impact on online gambling behavior. Results: Findings show that investment in advertising (P ≤ 0.025), promotions (P < 0.001), and sponsorships (P ≤ 0.004) significantly increase the number of new and active accounts, deposits, and total money bet. For instance, it has been estimated that, for every €1 invested in bonuses and sponsorship, gamblers deposit €1.6 and €4 into their accounts, respectively. Moreover, the Spanish law regulating gambling advertising has seemingly weakened the link between marketing expenditure and gambling behavior, with the notable exception of bonuses, where the impact has intensified. Conclusions: These results underline the importance of ongoing monitoring and regulation of gambling behavior in Spain, emphasizing the need for strict adherence to regulations.
The mediating effect of coping strategies and emotion regulation in the relationship between impulsivity, metacognition, and eating disorders
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-06) Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Momeñe López, Janire; Macía Guerrero, Laura; Iruarrizaga, Itziar; Olave, Leticia; Aonso Diego, Gema
BACKGROUND: Risk factors for eating disorders are multifaceted and complex, so it is crucial to elucidate the role of executive functions, including impulsivity and metacognition, and coping strategies in the severity of eating behaviors. The study aims were threefold: (1) to analyze gender differences in impulsivity, metacognition, coping strategies, emotion regulation, and eating disorders; (2) to examine the correlation between the study variables; and (3) to test the mediating role of coping and emotion-regulation strategies in the relationship between metacognition, impulsivity, and eating disorders. METHODS: A total of 1076 participants (Mage = 21.78, SD = 5.10; 77.7% women) completed a set of questionnaires. Two mediation analyses were conducted to test the mediating role of coping strategies, including emotion regulation, in the relationship between executive functions (i.e., impulsivity and metacognition) and eating disorders. RESULTS: Women displayed higher coping strategies, specifically emotional expression, wishful thinking, and social support, whereas men presented greater social withdrawal. Mediational analyses showed a significant association between impulsivity, metacognition, and eating disorders, whose relationship was partially mediated by coping strategies and mainly by emotion regulation. CONCLUSION: Interventions based on coping strategies and emotion regulation could be a feasible and effective option to deal with eating disorders among the young population.
El papel de la industria en las conductas adictivas: un análisis de los determinantes comerciales de la salud
(Consejo General de la Psicología de España, 2025-09) Aonso Diego, Gema; Rey Torres, Noa; García Pérez, Ángel; Krotter Díaz, Andrea
El estudio de las conductas adictivas ha sido históricamente abordado desde una perspectiva idiográfica. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, se ha promovido un enfoque más amplio que integra determinantes contextuales, socioculturales, políticos y comerciales que contribuyen al desarrollo de las adicciones. Los determinantes comerciales de la salud (DCS) hacen referencia a las prácticas de las industrias que influyen en los patrones de salud, enfermedad y adicción de la población. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer las estrategias empleadas por las industrias vinculadas a las conductas adictivas, tales como prácticas políticas (p. ej., lobbying), prácticas de intromisión en investigación científica (p. ej., financiación de estudios), manipulación del lenguaje, estrategias de marketing y prácticas de gestión de la reputación (p. ej., responsabilidad social corporativa). Asimismo, se proponen diversas medidas de control o prevención ambiental, entre las que se incluyen la transparencia, medidas de reducción de disponibilidad y accesibilidad, la regulación del producto, y medidas para regular el marketing.
Profile-level positivity assessment using multimodal feature aggregation from Social Media Content
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026-02-27) Gorraiz Bengoechea, Marta; González Santocildes, Asier ; Pastor López, Iker ; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana ; Aonso Diego, Gema
Accurately evaluating positivity in social media profiles has important implications for advertising, mental health monitoring, and responsible AI applications. However, the multimodal nature of Instagram, where images, captions, hashtags, and emojis co-occur, challenges conventional unimodal sentiment analysis tools. We present a multimodal system that integrates computer vision and natural language processing to assess Instagram profiles. The architecture comprises two blocks: (i) feature extraction via facial-emotion analysis, object detection, chromatic cues, and linguistic processing; and (ii) profile-level inference, which fuses aggregated features to produce an overall positivity score together with semantically meaningful profile tags. Experiments on public Instagram profiles (images, captions, and comments), including an expert-annotated subset of comments, compare unimodal baselines with transformer-based embeddings and OpenAI large language models. The multimodal pipeline improves over unimodal variants, and the OpenAI approach achieves higher concordance with expert judgements than RoBERTa/Bi-LSTM baselines. Beyond technical contributions, we discuss privacy, transparency, and misuse risks associated with affective computing on social media. The proposed framework contributes to the advancement of multimodal sentiment analysis in social media and highlights its applicability to areas such as marketing analytics, well-being monitoring, and ethically aligned AI systems.
Publicidad y juego de apuestas: el papel del género en la publicidad
(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 2025) Aonso Diego, Gema; Macía Guerrero, Laura; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana
Gran parte de la investigación sobre el juego se ha centrado en una perspectiva idiosincrásica, promoviendo una narrativa de responsabilidad individual. En los últimos años, la perspectiva de salud pública clama la importancia de estudiar el juego analizando también las variables sociales, contextuales y ambientales. Una de las variables contextuales más estudiadas es el marketing de los productos de juego, y el impacto que tiene sobre la conducta de juego. La industria del juego utiliza las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el juego para personalizar sus estrategias de marketing y, por ende, maximizar sus beneficios. En este contexto, se observan notables diferencias en los anuncios en función de las diferencias estudiadas entre hombres y mujeres. Por ejemplo, diferencias basadas en el tipo de juego (apuestas deportivas vs. bingo), motivos de juego (ganar dinero vs. afrontar el malestar), estigma asociado a casinos, aparición de personajes (p. ej., la sexualización de la mujer), y aspectos estructurales (bar vs. peluquería, colores). Resulta imprescindible llevar a cabo una regulación que proteja equitativamente a hombres y mujeres de los problemas relacionados con el juego, considerando las diferencias entre ellos, y especialmente, con relación a la publicidad. Entre otras medidas, se debe incluir el abordaje de la sexualización de la mujer, la aparición de personajes de relevancia pública, así como asegurar la eliminación de la ambigüedad de los mensajes. Además, es importante implementar controles que aseguren el cumplimiento de la normativa vigente.
Regulación emocional, esquemas inadaptados tempranos, dependencia emocional e impulsividad en adolescentes que consumen cocaína
(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2025-03-31) Muñiz Casado, José Antonio; Olave, Leticia; Aonso Diego, Gema; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Macía Guerrero, Patricia; Momeñe López, Janire; Chávez Vera, María Dolores; Peñacoba Puente, Cecilia; Iruarrizaga, Itziar
El objetivo de la presente investigación es estudiar las relaciones entre el consumo de cocaína en adolescentes, y la regulación emocional, los esquemas inadaptados tempranos, la dependencia emocional y la impulsividad. Se lleva a cabo un estudio de diseño no experimental y correlacional de corte transversal en una muestra que está compuesta por 1.533 adolescentes escolarizados de ambos se xos, siendo el 53.9% hombres (n= 826) y el 46.1% mujeres (n= 707), con edades com prendidas entre los 14 y 18 años (M= 15.76, DT= 1.25) pertenecientes a doce Unidades Educativas Fiscales del Cantón Portoviejo de la Provincia de Manabí de la República de Ecuador. Los instrumentos de evaluación empleados han sido: MULTICAGE CAD 4 (Pedrero Pérez et al., 2007), Escala de dificultades en la regulación emocional-DERS (Gratz y Romer, 2004; adaptación española realizada por Gómez-Simón et al., 2014), Cuestionario de esquemas, forma reducida-SQ-SF (Young y Brown, 1994; adaptación española realizada por Cid y Torrubia, 2002), la Escala de dependencia emocional en el noviazgo de jóvenes y adolescentes-DEN (Urbiola et al., 2014), la Escala de Impulsividad de BARRATT BIS 11 (Oquendo et al., 2001) y la Encuesta Es tatal sobre Uso de Drogas en Estudiantes de Enseñanzas Secundarias -ESTUDES (Plan Na cional sobre Drogas, 2012). Los resultados de este estudio aportan evidencias sobre las relaciones existentes entre las dificultades en la regulación emocional, los esquemas inadaptados tempranos, la dependencia emocional y la impulsividad con el consumo experimental y regular de cocaína en adolescentes. Se han encontrado diferencias entre hombres y mujeres según la frecuencia del consumo de cocaína en el último mes. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados y se plantean retos para futuras investigaciones.
Relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal behavior in individuals with dual diagnosis: the mediating role of alexithymia and mental health.
(Fundación VECA para el Avance de la Psicología Clínica Conductual, 2026-02-25) Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Aonso Diego, Gema; Macía Guerrero, Laura; Llanes-Álvarez, Carlos; Álvarez-Navares, Ana
Background: Suicide is a significant public health concern, and several psychological variables, such as childhood trauma, have been studied as risk factors, but this link remains unclear. The study aims to examine the association between childhood trauma (i.e., physical and emotional abuse/neglect and sexual abuse) and suicide, as well as to analyze the mediating role of alexithymia and mental health (i.e., depression and anxiety) in this relationship. Methods: A total of 75 individuals with dual diagnosis (on average, 44.15 years old, SD = 12.15; 82.7% males) completed four questionnaires: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Symptoms Assessment-45, and Paykel Suicide Scale. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the mediating role of alexithymia and mental health in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal behavior. Results: Both alexithymia and mental health problems mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal behavior. Conclusions: This finding underscores the importance of screening for and addressing alexithymia and mental health in clinical practice, especially in suicide-prevention interventions.

Examinando por Autor "Aonso Diego, Gema"

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