“Seeing and being seen” or just “Seeing” in a smart classroom context when videoconferencing: a user experience-based qualitative research on the use of cameras

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dc.contributor.authorPetchamé Sabartés, Josep
dc.contributor.authorIriondo Sanz, Ignasi
dc.contributor.authorAzanza, Garazi
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-22T13:38:41Z
dc.date.available2025-09-22T13:38:41Z
dc.date.issued2022-08-04
dc.date.updated2025-09-22T13:38:41Z
dc.description.abstractThis research examines the form in which undergraduates use video cameras during videoconferencing class sessions in a Smart Classroom context and, more specifically, the reasons why a considerable number of students opt to turn off their cameras when videoconferencing during the sessions while others keep them on. The study was carried out in an institution that had previously switched from face-to-face teaching to an Emergency Remote Teaching solution, initially adopted in 2019–2020 to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Findings suggest that using cameras when videoconferencing is associated with increasing and enhancing the interaction between the student and the rest of the class, although not all students agreed with this conclusion. In addition, having the video cameras switched fomented socialization and improved the overall online learning experience for students. However, the surveyed students pointed out diverse negative elements, such as why they had to turn on their personal cameras, privacy concerns, and limitations derived from the available technology infrastructure, in addition to other factors such as distractions, anxiety, and cognitive load. This work discusses how these elements can influence the well-being and the user experience of the students, both positively and negatively.en
dc.description.sponsorshipProject “Challenges in University Teaching in the PostCOVID’19 Era (CUT-POSTCOVID)”, granted at the VIII Call of ACM (Aristos Campus Mundus) Research Projects 2022, with the grant number ACM2022_09.en
dc.identifier.citationPetchamé, J., Iriondo, I., & Azanza, G. (2022). “Seeing and being seen” or just “Seeing” in a smart classroom context when videoconferencing: a user experience-based qualitative research on the use of cameras. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH19159615
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/IJERPH19159615
dc.identifier.eissn1660-4601
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/3718
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rights© 2022 by the authors
dc.subject.otherCognitive load
dc.subject.otherCOVID-19 pandemic
dc.subject.otherEmergency Remote Teaching
dc.subject.otherFace-to-face
dc.subject.otherSmart classroom
dc.subject.otherUser experience
dc.subject.otherVideoconferencing
dc.subject.otherWell-being
dc.title“Seeing and being seen” or just “Seeing” in a smart classroom context when videoconferencing: a user experience-based qualitative research on the use of camerasen
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.issue15
oaire.citation.titleInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
oaire.citation.volume19
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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