Comparing transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial random noise stimulation over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus: effects on divergent and convergent thinking

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dc.contributor.authorPeña Lasa, Javier
dc.contributor.authorSampedro, Agurne
dc.contributor.authorBalboa Bandeira, Yolanda
dc.contributor.authorIbarretxe Bilbao, Naroa
dc.contributor.authorZubiaurre Elorza, Leire
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Guerrero, Acebo
dc.contributor.authorOjeda del Pozo, Natalia
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-03T12:31:20Z
dc.date.available2025-09-03T12:31:20Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-03
dc.date.updated2025-09-03T12:31:19Z
dc.description.abstractThe essential role of creativity has been highlighted in several human knowledge areas. Regarding the neural underpinnings of creativity, there is evidence about the role of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) on divergent thinking (DT) and convergent thinking (CT). Transcranial stimulation studies suggest that the left DLPFC is associated with both DT and CT, whereas left IFG is more related to DT. However, none of the previous studies have targeted both hubs simultaneously and compared transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and random noise stimulation (tRNS). Additionally, given the relationship between cognitive flexibility and creativity, we included it in order to check if the improvement in creativity may be mediated by cognitive flexibility. In this double-blind, between-subjects study, 66 healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (N = 22) that received a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), or sham for 20 min. The tDCS group received 1.5 mA with the anode over the left DLPFC and cathode over the left IFG. Locations in tRNS group were the same and they received 1.5 mA of high frequency tRNS (100–500 Hz). Divergent thinking was assessed before (baseline) and during stimulation with unusual uses (UU) and picture completion (PC) subtests from Torrance Creative thinking Test, whereas convergent thinking was evaluated with the remote association test (RAT). Stroop test was included to assess cognitive flexibility. ANCOVA results of performance under stimulation (controlling for baseline performance) showed that there were significant differences in PC (F = 3.35, p = 0.042, (Formula presented.) = 0.10) but not in UU (F = 0.61, p = 0.546) and RAT (F = 2.65, p = 0.079) scores. Post-hoc analyses showed that tRNS group had significantly higher scores compared to sham (p = 0.004) in PC. More specifically, tRNS showed higher performance in fluency (p = 0.012) and originality (p = 0.021) dimensions of PC compared to sham. Regarding cognitive flexibility, we did not find any significant effect of any of the stimulation groups (F = 0.34, p = 0.711). Therefore, no further mediation analyses were performed. Finally, the group that received tDCS reported more adverse effects than sham group (F = 3.46, p = 0.035). Altogether, these results suggest that tRNS may have some advantages over tDCS in DT.en
dc.description.sponsorshipSupported by a 2018 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators (BBVA Foundation), Department of Education and Science of the Basque Government (IT946-16), a Predoctoral Fellowship (Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno), and a Research Staff Training Programme Grant from the University of Deusto (Bilbao, Spain)en
dc.identifier.citationPeña, J., Sampedro, A., Balboa-Bandeira, Y., Ibarretxe-Bilbao, N., Zubiaurre-Elorza, L., García-Guerrero, M. A., & Ojeda, N. (2022). Comparing transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial random noise stimulation over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus: effects on divergent and convergent thinking. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/FNHUM.2022.997445
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/FNHUM.2022.997445
dc.identifier.eissn1662-5161
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/3481
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherFrontiers Media S.A.
dc.rights© 2022 Peña, Sampedro, Balboa-Bandeira, Ibarretxe-Bilbao, Zubiaurre-Elorza, García-Guerrero and Ojeda
dc.subject.otherConvergent thinking
dc.subject.otherDivergent thinking
dc.subject.otherDorsolateral prefrontal cortex
dc.subject.otherInferior frontal gyrus
dc.subject.otherTranscranial direct current stimulation
dc.subject.otherTranscranial random noise stimulation
dc.titleComparing transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial random noise stimulation over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus: effects on divergent and convergent thinkingen
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Human Neuroscience
oaire.citation.volume16
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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