In-line height measurement technique for directed energy deposition processes

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dc.contributor.authorBorovkov, Herman
dc.contributor.authorGarcía de la Yedra, Aitor
dc.contributor.authorZurutuza, Xabier
dc.contributor.authorAngulo, Xabier
dc.contributor.authorÁlvarez, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.authorCortés Martínez, Fernando
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-08T17:34:26Z
dc.date.available2025-09-08T17:34:26Z
dc.date.issued2021-08-05
dc.date.updated2025-09-08T17:34:26Z
dc.description.abstractDirected energy deposition (DED) is a family of additive manufacturing technologies. With these processes, metal parts are built layer by layer, introducing dynamics that propagate in time and layer-domains, which implies additional complexity and consequently, the resulting part quality is hard to predict. Control of the deposit layer thickness and height is a critical issue since it impacts on geometrical accuracy, process stability, and the overall quality of the product. Therefore, online feedback height control for DED processes with proper sensor strategies is required. This work presents a novel vision-based triangulation technique through an off-axis located CCD camera synchronized with a 640 nm wavelength pulsed illumination laser. Image processing and machine vision techniques allow in-line height measurement right after metal solidification. The linearity and the precision of the proposed setup are validated through off-and in-process trials in the laser metal deposition (LMD) process. Besides, the performance of the developed in-line inspection system has also been tested for the Arc based DED process and compared against experimental weld bead characterization data. In this last case, the system additionally allowed for the measurement of weld bead width and contact angles, which are critical in first runs of multilayer buildups.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT), a body of the European Union, under grant agreement no. 20075.en
dc.identifier.citationBorovkov, H., de la Yedra, A. G., Zurutuza, X., Angulo, X., Alvarez, P., Pereira, J. C., & Cortes, F. (2021). In-line height measurement technique for directed energy deposition processes. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMMP5030085
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/JMMP5030085
dc.identifier.eissn2504-4494
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/3554
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.rights© 2021 by the authors
dc.subject.otherAdditive manufacturing
dc.subject.otherDirected energy deposition
dc.subject.otherIn-line height measurement
dc.subject.otherMachine vision
dc.subject.otherOptical monitoring
dc.subject.otherSensors
dc.titleIn-line height measurement technique for directed energy deposition processesen
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.issue3
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
oaire.citation.volume5
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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