El empoderamiento de las mujeres: claves para comprenderlo desde una perspectiva de género
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2024
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Instituto Universitario de Estudios de Género
Resumen
El concepto de empoderamiento ha sido ampliamente utilizado en diferentes ámbitos –fundamentalmente en el desarrollo internacional, desde organizaciones como las Naciones Unidas– por lo que, desde su surgimiento, ha ido variando y adoptando enfoque muy diversos. Debido a su uso equivalente con otros conceptos, su estrecha relación con el poder y su variación según el contexto sociopolítico, se ha empleado de forma incorrecta en numerosas ocasiones, produciendo ambivalencias y contradicciones. No obstante, reconocer el empoderamiento de las mujeres como objetivo para la igualdad y el desarrollo es fundamental,lo que requiere un uso adecuado del concepto que oriente correctamente las acciones que lo promueven. Este artículo realiza una aproximación a los fundamentos que sustentan el empoderamiento de las mujeres desde una perspectiva de género. Para ello, comienza con una breve revisión de sus antecedentes y definición. Del mismo modo, se exploran diferentes consensos y aportaciones feministas, identificándose siete claves fundamentales para comprenderlo: 1) Implica hablar sobre el poder y las dinámicas relacionales, sociales y estructurales que se forman en torno a él; 2) Supone analizar y deconstruir la socialización y estructuras patriarcales; 3) Es un proceso de cambio lento, largo y complejo que surge del interior de cada persona; 4) La importancia del enfoque interseccional; 5) Su carácter multinivel –individual y colectivo–; 6) Es multidimensional –personal, social, económico y político–; 7) Tiene que ver con los hombres. En conclusión, el artículo aboga por una mirada crítica y reflexiva del empoderamiento, enfatizando la necesidad de abordar estas claves fundamentales para su correcta aplicación.
The concept of empowerment has been widely used in different fields –mainly in international development, from organisations such as the United Nations– so that, since its emergence, it has varied and adopted very different approaches. Due to its interchangeable use with other concepts, its close relationship with power, and its variation according to the socio-political context, it has often been misused, leading to ambivalence and contradictions. However, recognising women’s empowerment as an objective for equality and development is essential, which requires an appropriate use of the concept that correctly orients the actions that promote it. This article provides an approach to the foundations that support women’s empowerment from a gender perspective. It begins with a brief review of its background and definition. Moreover, it explores different feminist consensus and contributions, identifying seven fundamental keys to understanding it: 1) It involves talking about power and the relational, social and structural dynamics that are formed around it; 2) It implies analysing and deconstructing socialisation and patriarchal structures; 3) It is a slow, long and complex process of change that arises from within each person; 4) The importance of the intersectional approach; 5) Its multi-level character –individual and collective–; 6) It is multidimensional –personal, social, economic and political–; 7) It has to do with men. All things considered, the article advocates a critical and reflective look at empowerment, emphasising the need to address these fundamental keys to its correct application.
The concept of empowerment has been widely used in different fields –mainly in international development, from organisations such as the United Nations– so that, since its emergence, it has varied and adopted very different approaches. Due to its interchangeable use with other concepts, its close relationship with power, and its variation according to the socio-political context, it has often been misused, leading to ambivalence and contradictions. However, recognising women’s empowerment as an objective for equality and development is essential, which requires an appropriate use of the concept that correctly orients the actions that promote it. This article provides an approach to the foundations that support women’s empowerment from a gender perspective. It begins with a brief review of its background and definition. Moreover, it explores different feminist consensus and contributions, identifying seven fundamental keys to understanding it: 1) It involves talking about power and the relational, social and structural dynamics that are formed around it; 2) It implies analysing and deconstructing socialisation and patriarchal structures; 3) It is a slow, long and complex process of change that arises from within each person; 4) The importance of the intersectional approach; 5) Its multi-level character –individual and collective–; 6) It is multidimensional –personal, social, economic and political–; 7) It has to do with men. All things considered, the article advocates a critical and reflective look at empowerment, emphasising the need to address these fundamental keys to its correct application.
Palabras clave
Empoderamiento
Poder
Mujeres
Feminismo
Perspectiva de género
Empowerment
Power
Women
Feminism
Gender perspective
Poder
Mujeres
Feminismo
Perspectiva de género
Empowerment
Power
Women
Feminism
Gender perspective
Descripción
Materias
Cita
González Oronoz, M. (2024). El empoderamiento de las mujeres: 7 claves para comprenderlo desde una perspectiva de género. Femeris: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género, 9(3), 8-33. https://doi.org/10.20318/FEMERIS.2024.8868