Cyber child-to-parent violence: assessment and prevalence according to adolescents' and parents' reports

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dc.contributor.authorRodríguez González, Sara
dc.contributor.authorHoyo Bilbao, Joana del
dc.contributor.authorEchezarraga Porto, Ainara
dc.contributor.authorFernández González, Liria
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-12T10:10:06Z
dc.date.available2026-02-12T10:10:06Z
dc.date.issued2025-12-12
dc.date.updated2026-02-12T10:10:06Z
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Unlike other forms of violence, such as bullying or dating violence, which have been studied both offline and online, Child-to-Parent Violence (CPV) has primarily been analyzed in offline contexts, with research on its online form still in its early stages. Moreover, no standardized instruments currently exist to assess Cyber-CPV. Thus, the primary objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cyber-Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire-Adolescent (Cyber-CPVQ-A) and to assess the prevalence of and gender differences in Cyber-CPV from the perspective of adolescents (Study 1) and their parents using the Cyber-Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire-Parent (Cyber-CPVQ-P) (Study 2). Methods: A total of 1597 adolescents participated in Study 1 (49.8% female, 45.5% male, and 0.7% identifying as other; Mage = 14.18, SD = 1.59). 91.3% of the participants were from Spain. In Study 2, 563 parents participated (72.5% mothers and 27.5% fathers; Mage = 49.00, SD = 4.87), of whom 86.9% were Spanish. Results: In Study 1, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a bifactor structure comprising of a general Cyber-CPV factor and two specific factors: one for CPV toward the mother (Cyber-CMV) and another toward the father (Cyber-CFV) based on the adolescent-reported version (Cyber-CPVQ-A). In Study 2, a CFA confirmed a unidimensional structure for the parent-reported version (Cyber-CPVQ-P). Conclusions: Both scales demonstrated strong internal consistency. The prevalence of Cyber-CPV was high in the community population. This study provides two valid and reliable instruments for assessing Cyber-CPV in adolescents and parents, enabling a more comprehensive measurement of CPV.en
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Deusto (Bilbao, Spain), Grant/Award Number: FPI UD_2022_09; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE, Grant/Award Number: PID2022‐139727OA‐I00; Basque Government, Grant/Award Number: IT1532‐22; PROEMO Network, Grant/Award Numbers: RED2022‐134247‐T, MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033en
dc.identifier.citationRodriguez-Gonzalez, S., Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Echezarraga, A., & Fernández-González, L. (2025). Cyber child-to-parent violence: assessment and prevalence according to adolescents' and parents' reports. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1002/JAD.70085
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/JAD.70085
dc.identifier.eissn1095-9254
dc.identifier.issn0140-1971
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/5083
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherJohn Wiley and Sons Inc
dc.rights© 2025 Foundation for Professionals in Services to Adolescents
dc.subject.otherAdolescent
dc.subject.otherCyber violence
dc.subject.otherCyber-child-to-parent violence
dc.subject.otherParents
dc.subject.otherPsychometric properties
dc.subject.otherQuestionnaire development
dc.titleCyber child-to-parent violence: assessment and prevalence according to adolescents' and parents' reportsen
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsmetadata only access
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Adolescence
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