Eye/head tracking technology to improve HCI with iPad applications

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dc.contributor.authorLópez Basterretxea, Asier
dc.contributor.authorMéndez Zorrilla, Amaia
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Zapirain, Begoña
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-25T12:03:21Z
dc.date.available2026-02-25T12:03:21Z
dc.date.issued2015-01-22
dc.date.updated2026-02-25T12:03:21Z
dc.description.abstractIn order to improve human computer interaction (HCI) for people with special needs, this paper presents an alternative form of interaction, which uses the iPad’s front camera and eye/head tracking technology. With this functional nature/capability operating in the background, the user can control already developed or new applications for the iPad by moving their eyes and/or head. There are many techniques, which are currently used to detect facial features, such as eyes or even the face itself. Open source bookstores exist for such purpose, such as OpenCV, which enable very reliable and accurate detection algorithms to be applied, such as Haar Cascade using very high-level programming. All processing is undertaken in real time, and it is therefore important to pay close attention to the use of limited resources (processing capacity) of devices, such as the iPad. The system was validated in tests involving 22 users of different ages and characteristics (people with dark and light-colored eyes and with/without glasses). These tests are performed to assess user/device interaction and to ascertain whether it works properly. The system obtained an accuracy of between 60% and 100% in the three test exercises taken into consideration. The results showed that the Haar Cascade had a significant effect by detecting faces in 100% of cases, unlike eyes and the pupil where interference (light and shade) evidenced less effectiveness. In addition to ascertaining the effectiveness of the system via these exercises, the demo application has also helped to show that user constraints need not affect the enjoyment and use of a particular type of technology. In short, the results obtained are encouraging and these systems may continue to be developed if extended and updated in the future.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was partially funded by Basque Government Department of Universities and Researchen
dc.identifier.citationLopez-Basterretxea, A., Mendez-Zorrilla, A., & Garcia-Zapirain, B. (2015). Eye/head tracking technology to improve HCI with iPad applications. Sensors (Switzerland), 15(2), 2244-2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/S150202244
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/S150202244
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/5239
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.rights© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.subject.otherBlinking
dc.subject.otherEye/head tracking
dc.subject.otherHaar cascade
dc.subject.otherHCI
dc.subject.otherIpad
dc.titleEye/head tracking technology to improve HCI with iPad applicationsen
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.endPage2264
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.startPage2244
oaire.citation.titleSensors (Switzerland)
oaire.citation.volume15
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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