Demographically calibrated norms for two premorbid intelligence measures: the Word Accentuation Test and Pseudo-Words reading subtest

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dc.contributor.authorPino, Rocío del
dc.contributor.authorPeña Lasa, Javier
dc.contributor.authorIbarretxe Bilbao, Naroa
dc.contributor.authorSchretlen, David J.
dc.contributor.authorOjeda del Pozo, Natalia
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-25T11:40:44Z
dc.date.available2026-03-25T11:40:44Z
dc.date.issued2018-10-11
dc.date.updated2026-03-25T11:40:44Z
dc.description.abstractThe Word Accentuation Test (WAT, Spanish adaptation of the NART) and the Pseudo-Words (PW) Reading subtest from the Battery for Reading Processes Assessment-Revised (PROLEC-R) are measures to estimate premorbid IQ. This study aims to develop demographically calibrated norms for these premorbid measures in a representative sample of the adult Spanish population in terms of age, education, and sex. A sample of 700 healthy participants from 18 to 86 years old completed the WAT and the PW Reading subtest. The effect of age, years of formal education, and sex on WAT total score, PW total score, and time to complete the PW task (PW time) were analyzed. Percentiles and scalar scores were obtained for each raw score according to nine age ranges and individual education levels. The results indicated a significant effect of age and education on the premorbid performance assessed, with no significant effect of sex. Age and education explained from 1.9 to 33.2% of the variance in premorbid IQ variables. Older participants with fewer years of education obtained worse premorbid IQ estimates. This premorbid IQ estimation decline started in the 56-65 age range for WAT total score and PW time, whereas it started in the 71-75 age range for PW total score. This study reports the first demographic-calibrated norms for WAT and PW Reading subtest for Spanish-speaking population. Even though the influence of age and years of education on premorbid IQ measures was confirmed, the PW Reading subtest showed to be more resistant to decline in elderly population than the WAT.en
dc.description.sponsorshipSupported by the Department of Health of the Basque Government (2011111102), Basic and Applied Research of the Basque Government (PI_2014_1_43), the Federation of Associations of Spanish Neuropsychology (FANPSE), and University of Deustoen
dc.identifier.citationDel Pino, R., Peña, J., Ibarretxe-Bilbao, N., Schretlen, D. J., & Ojeda, N. (2018). Demographically calibrated norms for two premorbid intelligence measures: the Word Accentuation Test and Pseudo-Words reading subtest. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2018.01950
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/FPSYG.2018.01950
dc.identifier.eissn1664-1078
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/5562
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherFrontiers Media S.A.
dc.rights© 2018 Del Pino, Peña, Ibarretxe-Bilbao, Schretlen and Ojeda
dc.subject.otherNormative data
dc.subject.otherPremorbid intelligence
dc.subject.otherPremorbid IQ
dc.subject.otherPseudo-words
dc.subject.otherWAT
dc.titleDemographically calibrated norms for two premorbid intelligence measures: the Word Accentuation Test and Pseudo-Words reading subtesten
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.issueOCT
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Psychology
oaire.citation.volume9
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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