Geographic and ethnic inequalities in total and central obesity, and physical fitness among preschool children: insights from the PREFIT project

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dc.contributor.authorCadenas-Sanchez, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorFernández Santos, Jorge del R.
dc.contributor.authorSánchez López, Mairena
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Corada, Natalia
dc.contributor.authorMoliner Urdiales, Diego
dc.contributor.authorRomero Parra, Nuria
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Pérez, Manuel Antonio
dc.contributor.authorPalou Sampol, Pere
dc.contributor.authorDorado García, Cecilia
dc.contributor.authorVicente Rodriguez, Germán
dc.contributor.authorOrtega, Francisco B.
dc.contributor.authorJiménez Pavón, David
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-17T07:10:44Z
dc.date.available2025-10-17T07:10:44Z
dc.date.issued2025-05-13
dc.date.updated2025-10-17T07:10:44Z
dc.description.abstractBackground and objectives: Obesity and physical fitness are known to be influenced by various geographic factors and ethnicity in children. However, there is limited evidence on the level to which these factors can influence very early in life, at preschool age. This study aimed to describe and compare total and central obesity and physical fitness according to geographic factors and ethnicity in preschoolers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3179 preschoolers (4.6 ± 0.9y, 52.8% boys). Geographic factors (location and type of area: rural/urban) were assessed based on the school setting, while ethnicity was determined through parental self-report. Total and central obesity and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, speed-agility, balance) were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Results: Preschoolers from southern regions of Spain presented higher total obesity along with lower performance in cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscular strength compared to their northern peers (p ≤ 0.017). However, they demonstrated greater levels of upper-limb muscular strength and balance (p < 0.001). Preschoolers from rural areas of Spain showed higher central obesity but better fitness performance compared to those from urban areas (p ≤ 0.004). White and African preschoolers showed lower levels of total and central obesity than Latin preschoolers (p ≤ 0.003) and performed better in upper-limb muscular strength and speed–agility compared to Asian or Latin preschoolers (p ≤ 0.037). Conclusion: This study highlights significant physical health inequalities among preschoolers based on geographical factors and ethnic backgrounds. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies to address socioeconomic and environmental determinants of early-life health disparities.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union, Grant/Award Number: CB16/10/00477; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Marie Sklodowska Curie, Grant/Award Number: 101028929; Ramón y Cajal, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Grant/Award Number: RYC-2011-09011; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES); FEDER; European Association for the Study of Obesity - Novo Nordisk Foundation, Grant/Award Number: NNF23SA0083955en
dc.identifier.citationCadenas-Sanchez, C., Fernández-Santos, J. R., Sánchez-López, M., García-Corada, N., Moliner-Urdiales, D., Romero-Parra, N., Rodriguez Perez, M. A., Palou, P., Dorado-García, C., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Ortega, F. B., & Jiménez-Pavón, D. (2025). Geographic and ethnic inequalities in total and central obesity, and physical fitness among preschool children: insights from the PREFIT project. Pediatric Obesity, 20(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/IJPO.70021
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/IJPO.70021
dc.identifier.eissn2047-6310
dc.identifier.issn2047-6302
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/4010
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherJohn Wiley and Sons Ltd
dc.rights© 2025 The Author(s)
dc.subject.otherBody mass index
dc.subject.otherCardiorespiratory fitness
dc.subject.otherMuscular strength
dc.subject.otherPreschoolers
dc.subject.otherRural
dc.subject.otherSpeed-agility
dc.subject.otherUrban
dc.subject.otherWaist circumference
dc.titleGeographic and ethnic inequalities in total and central obesity, and physical fitness among preschool children: insights from the PREFIT projecten
dc.typejournal article
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.titlePediatric Obesity
oaire.citation.volume20
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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