Desigualdad en la actividad física: evidencias desde Global Matrix 5.0 en Euskadi
Cargando...
Fecha
2025-11-14
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)
Resumen
Introducción. La práctica regular de actividad física durante la infancia y la adolescencia se ha asociado con múltiples beneficios físicos, psicológicos y sociales. No obstante, los niveles de inactividad continuaron siendo elevados y desiguales según el sexo, la edad y el nivel socioeconómico.
Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las desigualdades en la actividad física de la población infantil y adolescente de Euskadi, en el marco de la iniciativa Global Matrix 5.0, identificando diferencias por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico, así como su evolución respecto al ciclo 2018–2021.
Metodología. La investigación se basó en un análisis descriptivo y comparativo realizado por un panel de seis expertos procedentes de instituciones académicas y gubernamentales. Se recopilaron veintitrés fuentes de información correspondientes al periodo 2022–2025, a partir de una estrategia multinivel que integró literatura científica, informes institucionales y estudios con acelerometría. Once indicadores fueron evaluados mediante los criterios estandarizados de la Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance y calificados en una escala de A+ a F según el grado de cumplimiento.
Resultados. Los resultados mostraron mejoras en la actividad física general (B+/B), en la condición física (C+) y en las políticas públicas (B), mientras que el sueño y los comportamientos sedentarios obtuvieron las calificaciones más bajas (F). Las chicas presentaron una ligera ventaja en actividad física general y transporte activo, pero la adolescencia reflejó los mayores descensos, especialmente en contextos socioeconómicos desfavorecidos.
Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos coincidieron con estudios previos europeos que evidencian una disminución progresiva de la actividad física con la edad y un incremento sostenido del sedentarismo. Se concluye que Euskadi ha avanzado en políticas públicas y promoción de la actividad física, aunque persisten desafíos vinculados al sueño, el sedentarismo y la equidad social.
Introduction. Regular physical activity during childhood and adolescence has been associated with multiple physical, psychological, and social benefits. Nevertheless, inactivity levels remained high and unequally distributed according to sex, age, and socio-economic status. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze inequalities in physical activity among children and adolescents in the Basque Country within the framework of the Global Matrix 5.0 initiative, identifying differences by sex, age, and socioeconomic level, as well as their evolution compared with the 2018–2021 cycle. Methodology. The research was based on a descriptive and comparative analysis conducted by a panel of six experts from academic and governmental institutions. Twenty-three data sources corresponding to the 2022–2025 period was compiled through a multilevel search strategy that integrated scientific literature, institutional reports, and accelerometer-based studies. Eleven indicators were evaluated using the standardized criteria of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance and graded on a scale from A+ to F according to the level of compliance. Results. The results showed improvements in overall physical activity (B+/B), physical fitness (C+), and public policy (B), while sleep and sedentary behaviors received the lowest grades (F). Girls presented a slight advantage in overall physical activity and active transportation, whereas adolescence showed the sharpest declines, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts. Conclusions. These findings were consistent with previous European studies showing a progressive decline in physical activity with age and a sustained increase in sedentary behavior.It is concluded that the Basque Country has advanced in public policy and physical activity promotion, although challenges related to sleep, sedentary behavior, and social equity persist.
Introduction. Regular physical activity during childhood and adolescence has been associated with multiple physical, psychological, and social benefits. Nevertheless, inactivity levels remained high and unequally distributed according to sex, age, and socio-economic status. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze inequalities in physical activity among children and adolescents in the Basque Country within the framework of the Global Matrix 5.0 initiative, identifying differences by sex, age, and socioeconomic level, as well as their evolution compared with the 2018–2021 cycle. Methodology. The research was based on a descriptive and comparative analysis conducted by a panel of six experts from academic and governmental institutions. Twenty-three data sources corresponding to the 2022–2025 period was compiled through a multilevel search strategy that integrated scientific literature, institutional reports, and accelerometer-based studies. Eleven indicators were evaluated using the standardized criteria of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance and graded on a scale from A+ to F according to the level of compliance. Results. The results showed improvements in overall physical activity (B+/B), physical fitness (C+), and public policy (B), while sleep and sedentary behaviors received the lowest grades (F). Girls presented a slight advantage in overall physical activity and active transportation, whereas adolescence showed the sharpest declines, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts. Conclusions. These findings were consistent with previous European studies showing a progressive decline in physical activity with age and a sustained increase in sedentary behavior.It is concluded that the Basque Country has advanced in public policy and physical activity promotion, although challenges related to sleep, sedentary behavior, and social equity persist.
Palabras clave
Actividad física
Adolescencia
Desigualdad
Euskadi
Sedentarismo
Global Matrix
Physical activity
Adolescence
Inequality
Basque Country
Sedentary behavior
Adolescencia
Desigualdad
Euskadi
Sedentarismo
Global Matrix
Physical activity
Adolescence
Inequality
Basque Country
Sedentary behavior
Descripción
Materias
Cita
Albisua Kaperotxipi, N., Gorostegi Anduaga, I., Larrinaga Undabarrena, A., & Martinez de Aguirre Betolaza, A. (2025). Desigualdad en la actividad física: evidencias desde Global Matrix 5.0 en Euskadi. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 73, 1416-1428. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V73.117828