AFRIHATE: a multilingual collection of hate speech and abusive language datasets for African languages

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dc.contributor.authorMuhammad,S.H.
dc.contributor.authorAbdulmumin,I.
dc.contributor.authorAyele,A.A.
dc.contributor.authorAdelani,D.I.
dc.contributor.authorAhmad,I.S.
dc.contributor.authorAliyu,S.M.
dc.contributor.authorOnyango,N.O.
dc.contributor.authorWanzare,L.D.A.
dc.contributor.authorRutunda,S.
dc.contributor.authorAliyu,L.J.
dc.contributor.authorAlemneh,E.
dc.contributor.authorHourrane,O.
dc.contributor.authorGebremichael,H.T.
dc.contributor.authorIsmail,E.A.
dc.contributor.authorBeloucif,M.
dc.contributor.authorJibril,E.C.
dc.contributor.authorBukula,A.
dc.contributor.authorMabuya,R.
dc.contributor.authorOsei, Salomey
dc.contributor.authorOppong,A.
dc.contributor.authorBelay,T.D.
dc.contributor.authorGuge,T.K.
dc.contributor.authorAsfaw,T.T.
dc.contributor.authorChukwuneke,C.I.
dc.contributor.authorRöttger,P.
dc.contributor.authorYimam,S.M.
dc.contributor.authorOusidhoum,N.
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-20T07:18:36Z
dc.date.available2026-04-20T07:18:36Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.date.updated2026-04-20T07:18:36Z
dc.descriptionPonencia presentada en la 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, celebrada en Albuquerque entre el 29 de abril y el 4 de mayo de 2025en
dc.description.abstractHate speech and abusive language are global phenomena that need socio-cultural background knowledge to be understood, identified, and moderated. However, in many regions of the Global South, there have been several documented occurrences of (1) absence of moderation and (2) censorship due to the reliance on keyword spotting out of context. Further, high-profile individuals have frequently been at the center of the moderation process, while large and targeted hate speech campaigns against minorities have been overlooked. These limitations are mainly due to the lack of high-quality data in the local languages and the failure to include local communities in the collection, annotation, and moderation processes. To address this issue, we present AFRIHATE: a multilingual collection of hate speech and abusive language datasets in 15 African languages, annotated by native speakers. We report the challenges related to the construction of the datasets and present various classification baseline results with and without using LLMs. We find that model performance highly depends on the language and that multilingual models can help boost the performance in low-resource settings.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was carried out with support from Lacuna Fund, an initiative co-founded by The Rockefeller Foundation, Google.org, and Canada’s International Development Research Centre. We also thank Nigerian Artificial Intelligence Research Scheme (NAIRS) for supporting this project. We thank Label Studio for providing the academic version annotation tool used in this project. We also thank OpenAI for providing API credits to Masakhane. Shamsuddeen acknowledges the support of Google DeepMind. Paul was supported by a MUR FARE 2020 initiative under grant agreement Prot. R20YSMBZ8S (INDOMITA) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (No. 949944, INTEGRATOR). Abinew acknowledges the support of LT group, University of Hamburgen
dc.identifier.citationMuhammad, S. H., Abdulmumin, I., Ayele, A. A., Adelani, D. I., Ahmad, I. S., Aliyu, S. M., Onyango, N. O., Wanzare, L. D. A., Rutunda, S., Aliyu, L. J., Alemneh, E., Hourrane, O., Gebremichael, H. T., Ismail, E. A., Beloucif, M., Jibril, E. C., Bukula, A., Mabuya, R., Osei, S., et al. (2025). AFRIHATE: a multilingual collection of hate speech and abusive language datasets for African languages. Proceedings of the 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: Long Papers, NAACL-HLT 2025, 1, 1854-1871. https://doi.org/10.18653/V1/2025.NAACL-LONG.92
dc.identifier.doi10.18653/V1/2025.NAACL-LONG.92
dc.identifier.isbn9798891761896
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/5694
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAssociation for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
dc.rights©2025 Association for Computational Linguistics
dc.titleAFRIHATE: a multilingual collection of hate speech and abusive language datasets for African languagesen
dc.typeconference paper
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
oaire.citation.endPage1871
oaire.citation.startPage1854
oaire.citation.titleProceedings of the 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: Long Papers, NAACL-HLT 2025
oaire.citation.volume1
oaire.licenseConditionhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
oaire.versionVoR
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