The role of resilience and support from others in the association between family support and internalizing symptoms in Spanish-speaking trans and nonbinary youth
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2025-12
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Elsevier B.V.
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Objective: The family support of trans and nonbinary (TNB) youth is usually the lowest perceived source of support, which is associated with higher internalizing symptoms. In this study, we examined whether other sources of support and individual-level resilience might compensate for the lack of family support in the development of symptoms. Method: A total of 225 Spanish-speaking (74.7% Spaniards) TNB youths (59.56% men, 13.78% women, and 26.67% nonbinary) between 12 and 25 years of age (mean age = 20.45 years, SD = 2.50 years) completed measures of family support, support from friends, support from a “special person,” individual-level resilience, and internalizing symptoms. The relationships were assessed through path analysis. Results: Family support was the lowest perceived source of support. The path analyses revealed that family support (b = –0.16, p = .002), support from friends (b = –0.12, p = .016), and individual-level resilience (b = –0.25, p < .001) were negatively related to internalizing symptoms. In particular, family support was associated with lower levels of internalizing symptoms when individual-level resilience was high (b = –0.29, t = –4.54, p < .001) and in younger individuals (b = –0.24, t = –3.37, p = .001). Conclusion: Although family support is strongly related to lower internalizing symptoms among TNB youth, this study showed that individual-level resilience is a moderator of this relationship. Although a causal pathway cannot be established, interventions should strengthen both family support and individual-level resilience to help TNB youth improve their internalizing symptoms. Plain language summary: This study evaluated how family support affects mental health issues in trans and nonbinary (TNB) youth, focusing on 225 Spanish-speaking individuals aged 12 to 25. Family support was the least-perceived source of support among participants. However, when present, family support was linked to lower mental health concerns. This relation was mediated by resilience. These findings suggest that boosting both family support and resilience could help TNB youth manage mental health challenges.
Palabras clave
Internalizing symptoms
Resilience
Social support
TNB
Youth
Resilience
Social support
TNB
Youth
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Materias
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Jiménez-Granado, A., Rodriguez-Gonzalez, S., Prieto-Fidalgo, Á., Molina, L., & Calvete, E. (2025). The role of resilience and support from others in the association between family support and internalizing symptoms in Spanish-speaking trans and nonbinary youth. JAACAP Open, 3(4), 1098-1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAACOP.2025.04.005