Examinando por Autor "Zabala Zarauz, Alaitz"

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    Augmented vulnerability and entrepreneurship: evidence from Spain
    (Universidad de Deusto, 2025-12-12) Zabala Zarauz, Alaitz; Peña Legazkue, Iñaki
    This study investigates how ‘augmented vulnerability’ influences people's entrepreneurial trajectories during the most critical stages of their businesses, as well as the prioritization of their business objectives, including the analysis of entrepreneurial intention and the firm creation, growth, and sustainability of businesses. Based on the 2023 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database for Spain (Calvo et al., 2023), this research uses binomial logistic regression to analyze the experiences of key vulnerable groups, including women, seniors and immigrants, as well as those who belong to more than one of these categories at the same time (augmented vulnerability). The empirical findings underscore the profound significance of this intersectionality. The results not only confirm that vulnerability profoundly shapes entrepreneurial trajectories but, crucially, they reveal that belonging to multiple vulnerable groups introduces distinct and often amplified barriers, alongside previously unacknowledged enabling factors. This nuanced understanding is paramount, demonstrating the critical necessity for a more granular and sophisticated approach to policy design and entrepreneurial support. Generic interventions, while broadly beneficial, demonstrably fall short in addressing the specific, interconnected hurdles faced by these multi-vulnerable sub-segments.
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    Ítem
    Women’s self-employment intentions after global shocks: insights from Egypt and Spain
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2023-04-18) Zabala Zarauz, Alaitz; Ghalwash, Seham; Ismail, Ayman; Peña Legazkue, Iñaki
    We compare the self-employment intentions of women from different contexts, namely, Egypt and Spain after two recent incidents of global economic collapse – the 2008 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on occupational choice and human capital theories to better understand how the self-employment intentions of women with different age, perceptual and human capital profiles vary in periods of crisis. Consistent with previous studies, the results suggest that intentions of self-employment vary with the specific perceptual and human capital attributes of women. However, the macroeconomic conditions and the context matter since the findings also show that the factors that drive the self-employment intention of women differ from one global shock to another. Moreover, the impact of each global shock in every context is different. These findings provide new guidance for policymakers by acknowledging the relevance of the heterogeneity of women, economic periods and contexts to the choice of self-employment.