Examinando por Autor "Kamp, Bart"

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    Adoption of digital technologies and backshoring decisions: is there a link?
    (Springer, 2021-12) Kamp, Bart; Gibaja Martíns, Juan José
    The present paper assesses whether the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies can be related to backshoring. It does so by -firstly- investigating the implementation of such technologies by industrial firms with foreign production plants, the experiences and intentions of these firms regarding the location of production activities, and -secondly- by analyzing backshoring cases among them. It finds that backshoring is a rare phenomenon, and it is questionable whether there is a correlation, left alone causality, between the adoption of digital technologies in home-based manufacturing sites and backshoring hitherto. And while the future may hold more backshoring movements in store, they may not be primarily due to the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies at home-based plants. Instead, other (foreign) location-specific factors seem to have greater weight in the decision-making processes around backshoring operations. I.e., deteriorating sales forecasts in offshore places where firms have production activities, increases in institutional uncertainty in such places, rationalization of global production apparatuses, and/or a lack of possibilities to deploy foreign manufacturing activities and output for third markets. Also against the backdrop of events like the outbreak of Covid19 and the uncertainty-raising effect it has on international business, the trade-off between producing off-shore or bringing manufacturing activities back home is not likely to depend on technology adoption levels at home and abroad either.
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    Adoption of measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19: in search of a Hofstedian explanation for patterns among individual countries and country clusters
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-01) Kamp, Bart ; Gibaja Martíns, Juan José; San Martin, Javier; Turiel, Ignacio
    We consider multiple safety measures in relation to the COVID-19 virus and look at their adoption levels for a variety of 15 individual countries, based on data from Yougov.co.uk. Subsequently, we establish correlation coefficients between measure-specific uptake levels and Hofstede dimension scores for all countries considered. We notably find that Power Distance Index (PDI) and Individualism (IDV) have a considerable explanatory power. In addition, we carried out a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and a cluster analysis to see whether the behavioural patterns across countries can be grouped, and which Hofstede dimensions correlate strongest with the two main components that follow from the PCA. The PCA provides further confirmation of PDI and IDV being the most important explanatory factors for the uptake of measures across countries. The cluster analysis, in turn, reveals four broad groups, which only partly coincide with the way that the mental image clustering scheme by Wursten (2019) allots countries into its respective clusters. Hence, this provides a basis to suggest that data-driven exercises like the ones from our paper can serve to adjust Wursten's intuitive scheme.
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    Assessing the economic relevance of International Niche Market Leaders: empirical indicators and strategic reflections from the Basque Country
    (Gobierno Vasco = Eusko Jaurlaritza, Departamento de Economía, Trabajo y Empleo = Ekonomia, Lan eta Enplegu Saila, 2019) Kamp, Bart
    This article provides an updated account on international niche market leaders (INMLs) from Euskadi and its surroundings. It shows how the ‘hidden champions’ phenomenon is in no way a Germanic affair and that many niche players from Spain also display typical hidden champion-features. Similarly, it shows how the Basque Country forms an epicenter of this kind of firms. The paper also demonstrates the macro-economic relevance of INMLs.I.e., how they are instrumental in view of policy aims to base 20% of territorial GDP on industrial activities, to strengthen the Middle Market segment and to develop the foreign trade activities of economies. The paper also provides evidence for the argument that economies that count with above-average INML densities perform better in this regard. Finally, the paper depicts a series of challenges that INMLs face and puts these into perspective.
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    Classification of industrial sectors based on their profiles of Greenhouse gas emissions and policy implications
    (OmniaScience, 2023) Retegi Albisua, Javier; Igartua López, Juan Ignacio; Kamp, Bart
    Purpose: This article determines the volume of greenhouse gases emitted by a range of industrial manufacturing sectors in order to give direction to public emission reduction programmes and increasing the impacts of the latter. Design/methodology/approach: To this end, it applies a classification of industrial manufacturing sectors based on their greenhouse gas emissions profiles. By making use of economic data on the consumption of energy sources and a conversion process, we obtain an estimation of greenhouse gas emissions, and consequently a profile of the direct/indirect emissions, concentration of emissions, total emissions and electrification level of each sector. Finally, this allowed us to segment the sectors into four groups. Findings: By grouping the sectors into four segments we reveal a series of group-specific characteristics, which serves as a basis for corresponding greenhouse gas reduction programmes. Special attention should be given to the segment that features a large amount of emissions concentrated in a relatively low number of firms and a low level of electrification, while making a disproportional use of public funds as compared to the volume of their emissions. Research limitations/implications: This research followed an aggregate (macro) approach, which limits the possibilities to interpret the results from a NACE level towards individual companies pertaining to a specific sector. This applies also to the use of average values for conversion factors. Take note also that some big emitter sectors, such as extractive industries and petroleum refining industries, are not included in the study. Practical implications: Public programmes should consider different approaches to reducing greenhouse gas emissions based on sectoral segmentation. General recommendations are proposed for each of the identified segments. Social implications: Improved public programmes can foster the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 12. Originality/value: The methodology proposed in this paper allows pointing out sectors where return on investments in greenhouse gas reduction would be highest.
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    How can machine tool builders capture value from smart services?: avoiding the service and digitalization paradox
    (Emerald Publishing, 2023-01-20) Kamp, Bart; Zabala Berriozabal, Kristina; Zubiaurre Goena, Arantza
    Purpose: This paper aims to assess the existence of, or the risk of running into, a smart service paradox for industrial firms and how to overcome it. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative multiple case study is conducted involving four machine tool builders. The main source of data is formed by semi-structured interviews with service business managers. NVivo software was used to structure the interview harvest. Findings: The findings reveal that a smart service paradox is a realistic threat for industrial firms, that smart service business development is a supply push affair rather than a matter of demand pull, that two types of permissions need to be granted by prospective users (license to operate and license to charge) and that three intermediate steps need to be undertaken and validated to overcome a smart service paradox: value testing or proofing; value recognition; and value sharing. Research limitations/implications: This study was vendor-centric and did not involve the industrial customers to whom the smart services were directed. It was based on a small sample, which limits the generalizability of findings to a broader or different (sectoral) context. Practical implications: Lessons are identified for service managers on how to circumvent a smart service paradox. Originality/value: This study departs from a value creation-delivery-capture (“business model”) perspective to assess smart service paradox dynamics. By adopting a relational perspective to it, the present paper succeeds in presenting a more granular version of the base business model.
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    Industrial service – the red pill
    (Universidad de Deusto = Deustuko Unibertsitatea, Servicio de Publicaciones = Argitalpen Zerbitzua, 2024) Kamp, Bart; Iribarren, Ibon
    This work focuses on the concept of servitization, emphasizing the transformation of traditional business models to incorporate service-oriented solutions. It addresses the challenges entrepreneurs face when implementing new service offerings, particularly the common customer perceptions that services should be free or not worth the effort. This servitized RAMS oriented presentation outlines a structured approach for entrepreneurs to identify and articulate cus-tomer problems, propose effective solutions, and link their service offerings to these needs. By understanding the customer’s perspective and effectively communicating the value of services,businesses can enhance customer satisfaction and drive revenue growth. The key take-away is the importance of thorough preparation and customer engagement in successfully transitioning to a service-based model.
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    The innovation antecedents behind the servitization–performance relationship
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-03-11) Martín Peña, María Luz; Sánchez López, José María; Kamp, Bart ; Giménez Fernández, Elena
    Servitization allows manufacturing firms to differentiate themselves from rivals and become more competitive. Scholars have studied the service paradox, but analysis of the relationship between servitization and firm performance has provided inconclusive results. In terms of the antecedents that influence this relationship, the literature has tended to focus on firm and product characteristics but not on companies' innovative behavior. This article probes the relationship between servitization and firm performance by focusing on two forms of innovation (technological and open) that may exert an influence. The study draws on the resource-based view literature to explain the role of interactions between technological innovation, service innovation, and open innovation in enhancing firm performance. Longitudinal empirical analysis was conducted with a sample of Spanish industrial firms for the period 2010–2016. Two time-lagged models were built and analyzed. The results show that technological innovation influences servitization. This relationship is moderated by open innovation. Servitization mediates the relationship between technological innovation and firm performance. The findings contribute to the literature on servitization and innovation management. Innovation is posited as an antecedent to the service paradox. Products, services, and open innovation should be considered when firms design innovation strategies to improve their performance. Such innovation strategies should lead to an increase in servitization. Service innovation should be supported by open innovation to strengthen technological innovation potential.