Echevarría, Juan JoséLegarda Macon, JonLarrañaga, JanireRuiz de Garibay Pascual, Jonathan2026-03-102026-03-102016-05Echevarria, J. J., Legarda, J., Larrañaga, J., & Ruiz-De-Garibay, J. (2016). LwAKE: a Lightweight Authenticated Key Exchange for class 0 devices. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/62364941550-132910.1155/2016/6236494https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/5412Device-to-Device (D2D) communication enables devices in proximity to establish a wireless direct link. However, these devices may be severely constrained in terms of memory, CPU, and processing resources. Hence, a D2D communication with a constrained device implies new challenges as it does not have the resources required to be secured with standard cryptography. We propose lwAKE for class 0 devices (RFC 7228), which uses one-way cryptographic functions and zero-knowledge proofs to provide mutual authentication and a secure key establishment. We specify the protocol using the High Level Protocol Specification Language and then verify the security properties using the model checkers OFMC and CL-AtSe. The significance of the protocol stands in a key reuse for any successive authentication. Experimental results show that this shortened authentication mode reduces the computational load greatly.eng© 2016 Juan Jose Echevarria et al.journal article2026-03-101550-1477