Rodríguez González, SaraHoyo Bilbao, Joana delEchezarraga Porto, AinaraFernández González, Liria2026-02-122026-02-122025-12-12Rodriguez-Gonzalez, S., Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Echezarraga, A., & Fernández-González, L. (2025). Cyber child-to-parent violence: assessment and prevalence according to adolescents' and parents' reports. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1002/JAD.700850140-197110.1002/JAD.70085https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14454/5083Introduction: Unlike other forms of violence, such as bullying or dating violence, which have been studied both offline and online, Child-to-Parent Violence (CPV) has primarily been analyzed in offline contexts, with research on its online form still in its early stages. Moreover, no standardized instruments currently exist to assess Cyber-CPV. Thus, the primary objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cyber-Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire-Adolescent (Cyber-CPVQ-A) and to assess the prevalence of and gender differences in Cyber-CPV from the perspective of adolescents (Study 1) and their parents using the Cyber-Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire-Parent (Cyber-CPVQ-P) (Study 2). Methods: A total of 1597 adolescents participated in Study 1 (49.8% female, 45.5% male, and 0.7% identifying as other; Mage = 14.18, SD = 1.59). 91.3% of the participants were from Spain. In Study 2, 563 parents participated (72.5% mothers and 27.5% fathers; Mage = 49.00, SD = 4.87), of whom 86.9% were Spanish. Results: In Study 1, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a bifactor structure comprising of a general Cyber-CPV factor and two specific factors: one for CPV toward the mother (Cyber-CMV) and another toward the father (Cyber-CFV) based on the adolescent-reported version (Cyber-CPVQ-A). In Study 2, a CFA confirmed a unidimensional structure for the parent-reported version (Cyber-CPVQ-P). Conclusions: Both scales demonstrated strong internal consistency. The prevalence of Cyber-CPV was high in the community population. This study provides two valid and reliable instruments for assessing Cyber-CPV in adolescents and parents, enabling a more comprehensive measurement of CPV.eng© 2025 Foundation for Professionals in Services to AdolescentsAdolescentCyber violenceCyber-child-to-parent violenceParentsPsychometric propertiesQuestionnaire developmentjournal article2026-02-121095-9254