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Addressing behavioural technologies through the human factor: a review
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020-03-25) Irizar Arrieta, Ane; Gómez Carmona, Oihane; Bilbao Jayo, Aritz; Casado Mansilla, Diego; López de Ipiña González de Artaza, Diego; Almeida, Aitor
Energy-efficiency related research has reached a growing interest in recent years due to the imminent scarcity of non-renewable resources in our environment and the impending impacts their usage have on our environment. Thus, facing the reduction of energy waste and management has become a pivotal issue in our society. To cope with energy inefficiency, the scientific research community has identified the promotion of people's behaviour change as a critical field to foster environmental sustainability. However, the body of literature shows a lack of systematic methods and processes to reach a common ground when designing technology for promoting sustainable behaviour change. Therefore, this paper contributes with a thorough review and analysis of state of the art. Firstly, theoretical works related to behaviour change are collected and studied to clarify their main concepts and theories. Secondly, the different technologies, processes, methods and techniques applied in the field are reviewed to find diverse strategies in the application of the previously explained theoretical domains. Moreover, a wide range of systems developed to improve energy efficiency through human behaviour change is analysed (from augmented objects to the Internet of Things, digital applications or websites). Finally, the detected research gaps are listed to guide future research when aiming to raise the awareness of individuals through Information and Communication Technologies.
Addressing underachievement and early school leaving in Europe: the role of institutional factors
(Routledge, 2025-02-18) García Cid, Alba; Khalfaoui Larrañaga, Andrea; Fernández Villardón, Aitana; Anabo, Icy F.; Gutiérrez Fernández, Nerea; Santiago Garabieta, Maite; Sharipova, Dildora; Villardón Gallego, Lourdes; García Carrión, Rocío
This systematic review aims to analyse the existing evidence on the institutional factors that counteract underachievement and Early School Leaving (ESL) in Europe. Considering the role of context in generating optimal learning environments, a more nuanced understanding of how institutional aspects could be shaped to improve students’ school outcomes is paramount. The Web of Science, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO databases were used to identify relevant papers following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 7,049 entries were generated from the initial search and were subjected to a blind review process using the web application Rayyan, which resulted in 34 articles being included in the final review. Following a thematic analysis, it was found that adopting heterogeneous classrooms, promoting a climate of high expectations in schools, implementing critical pedagogies and an engaging, culturally sensitive curriculum, facilitating positive and dialogic interactions with adults and peers, providing tailored support and guidance services, and nurturing a culture of co-creation and equitable involvement of families and communities act as buffers against the risk of underachievement and early school leaving. These findings shed light on possible practical approaches for addressing these issues, including the implementation of Successful Educational Actions, providing targeted support for the most vulnerable, and promoting a whole-school approach to ensure that dialogues between educational communities and school staff are frequent and constructive.
Age differences in cognitive performance: a study of cultural differences in Historical Context
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2016-03-01) Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia ; Aretouli, Eleni; Peña Lasa, Javier; Schretlen, David J.
Ethnicity and cultural experience can affect neuropsychological performance, but they are rarely assessed in historical context. Attention measures are considered strongly biologically determined and therefore potentially culture-fair. In this study, we assessed the cross-cultural equivalence of Spanish and English versions of the Trail Making Test (TMT; Reitan, 1958, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8, 271-276) and the Brief Test of Attention (BTA; Schretlen et al., 1996, The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10, 80-89) in two large samples of Americans (N = 203) and Spaniards (N = 213), divided into younger and older subgroups. The older Spaniards lived under Franco's political regime (1936-1975), whereas the Americans never experienced such repression. Overall, TMT performance was culture-sensitive, whereas BTA performance was not. However, when both groups were stratified by age, cultural differences in TMT performance were restricted to older participants, suggesting that historical experience across generations might have contributed to the observed differences in cognitive performance. Even such basic cognitive processes as attention, working memory, and resource sharing might be shaped to some degree by historical experiences that contribute to cultural differences.
Analysis of tug of war competition: a narrative complete review
(MDPI, 2022-01) Cayero Alcorta, Ruth; Rocandio Cilveti, Valentin; Zubillaga Zubiaga, Asier; Refoyo, Ignacio; Calleja González, Julio; Castañeda Babarro, Arkaitz; Martínez de Aldama Ortúzar, Inmaculada
Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes, defined as early as 4000 years ago (as a rope-less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings, and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of “pullers” participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art of TOW. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous information has been published on this topic. Anthropometric parameters for competitors are near 83.6, lean body mass 69.4, and body fat 16. The VO2MAX is 55.8 mL/kg/min. In terms of relative strength, the dynamic leg power is 4659.8 N. Endurance TOW elicits minimal muscle damage. Injured strains and sprains comprised over half of all injuries: back (42%), shoulder–upper limb (23%) and knee (17%). Pulling movement in TOW contests can be divided into three phases, namely the “drop”, “hold” and “drive” phases. The maximal pulling force was 1041.6 ± 123.9 N. The percentage of dynamic pulling force in the static maximal pulling force was 75.5 ± 14.4% and the dynamic ranged from 106.4 to 182.5%. There are two gripping styles: indoor and outdoor. The friction characteristics between surface and shoe in TOW is important in determining a suitable shoe for indoor TOW. A waist belt might be a useful piece of equipment for TOW sport. The EMG technique in TOW entails a high degree of dorsal muscle activity during the pulling. The factor of force vanishing was the coordination among athletes. The force vanishing percentage goes from 8.82 ± 5.59 for two contenders to 19.74 ± 2.22 for eight athletes, 6.4% in the sum of two pullers. However, in the drop phase, for female elite TOW team, only the 0.5% of the pulling force was wasted. Future studies are need in order to understand better this historical sport activity.
Artificial intelligence in business-to-customer fashion retail: a literature review
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-06-30) Goti Elordi, Aitor ; Querejeta-Lomas, Leire; Almeida, Aitor; Gaviria de la Puerta, José ; López de Ipiña González de Artaza, Diego
Many industries, including healthcare, banking, the auto industry, education, and retail, have already undergone significant changes because of artificial intelligence (AI). Business-to-Customer (B2C) e-commerce has considerably increased the use of AI in recent years. The purpose of this research is to examine the significance and impact of AI in the realm of fashion e-commerce. To that end, a systematic review of the literature is carried out, in which data from the Web Of Science and Scopus databases were used to analyze 219 publications on the subject. The articles were first categorized using AI techniques. In the realm of fashion e-commerce, they were divided into two categories. These categorizations allowed for the identification of research gaps in the use of AI. These gaps offer potential and possibilities for further research.
Attitudes towards life and death in Europe: a comparative analysis
(Sociologicky Ustav, 2021-02-15) Bartolomé Peral, Edurne ; Coromina Soler, Lluís
Fundamental aspects of human existence such as birth and death are at the core of our values and profoundly sensitive to our religious beliefs, our ideals as a society, and our opinions on the extent to which individuals may interfere in these basic life issues. This article analyses the factors that explain people's attitudes towards key beginning- and end-of-life issues. To do this, we first tracked variations across two points in time, and then looked at the effects of value orientations and socio-demographic factors in comparative perspective across countries. Based on previous literature, we consider justification for euthanasia, abortion, and in vitro fertilisation as a latent variable using European Value Study data from the 2008 and 2017 waves. Five European societies were analysed: Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Russia. All the countries observed showed growing levels of justification for these practices, although significant differences were found in the value orientation effects and respondents' background variables on attitudes towards life and death issues. In order to properly address comparability, multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across countries and across waves were conducted, and measurement invariance tested. From our analyses, we can conclude that age and religiosity, alongside other sociodemographic variables, are important explanatory factors in the justification of life and death issues in all the countries examined; however, value orientations show less conclusive effects on such attitudes.
Bank risk determinants in Latin America
(MDPI AG, 2020-09-07) Martínez Malvar, Mariña; Baselga Pascual, Laura
Systemic Banking crises are a recurrent phenomenon that affects society, and there is a need for a better understanding of the risk factors to support prudential regulation and reduce unnecessary risk intake in the financial system. This paper examines the main bank risk determinants in Latin America. The period analysed covers the timespan from 1999 to 2013, including the systemic banking crisis episodes in Argentina (2001–2003) and Uruguay (2002–2005). We apply a new data‐driven comparable methodology to classify and select commercial banks from the sample. We study bank risk proxied by the Z‐score. We use the system‐GMM estimator as our main empirical analysis method. According to our results, well capitalized, liquid, and traditional commercial banks are less risky. We perform robustness tests by applying OLS, and the results resemble our original model.
Barriers to physical activity for women with physical disabilities: a systematic review
(MDPI, 2023-06-16) Olasagasti Ibargoien, Jurgi; Castañeda Babarro, Arkaitz; León Guereño, Patxi; Uria Olaizola, Naroa
Physical activity is essential for women with physical disabilities. This review aims to identify the barriers they face in practicing sport. A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in January 2023, with an update in March 2023. The eligibility criteria used for inclusion were as follows. (i) Women with physical disabilities; (ii) women who engage in or want to engage in physical activities and/or sport, both adapted and non-adapted; (iii) identification of women’s barriers to such practice; (iv) research articles; and (v) papers written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals. The exclusion were as follows. (i) Women with illness, injury or transient physical activity difficulties; (ii) mention of rehabilitative physical activity; and (iii) results showing no differentiation in barrier types by gender. This review identified different barriers, grouped into eight types according to the differentiating factor, thus showing that disable people’s participation in physical activity is directly related to some specific barriers which seem to differ according to their gender. Therefore, the success of participation in physical activities depends not only on the user’s concern, but also on an inclusive social environment.
Behavioral therapy in migraine: expanding the therapeutic arsenal
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-07-21) Mínguez Olaondo, Ane; Alves Días, Patricia; López de Munáin, Estíbaliz; Grozeva, Vasselina; Laspra Solís, Carmen; Martín Villalba, Inés; García Martín, Valvanuz; Vila Pueyo, Marta; Barandiarán Amillano, Myriam; Zabalza, Ramón J.; Bengoetxea, Ana
Background and purpose: The US Headache Consortium developed evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of migraine and found grade A evidence in support of behavior therapy (BT). Understanding the mechanisms of BT may improve the management of migraine and reduce its burden. Methods: We performed a narrative review to define the current evidence of BT and determine its usefulness in migraine management. Results: The information was obtained from 116 publications, with 56 of them retrieved through direct searches in PubMed (2011–2020) and the remainder selected by the authors to complete the content. BT might reduce migraine impact by decreasing the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress and increasing pain tolerance. Acting in headache-related surroundings can be improved, together with headache duration and self-efficacy. Applications such as mobile health and electronic health applications can help to carry out healthier lifestyle patterns. Regarding medication overuse, BT seems to be a good choice, with similar results to pharmacological prophylaxis. Advantages of using BT are the lack of adverse effects and the unrestricted use in children, where BT is postulated to be even more effective than the standardized pharmacopeia. Conclusions: BT is an interesting tool that can be used as an add-on therapy in migraine. Through BT, the autonomy and empowerment of migraine patients is enhanced. BT may not cure migraine, but it could help to reduce pain severity perception, disability, and migraine impact, adding an emotive and cognitive approach to the perceptive role of pharmacopeia. Thus, a better approach in migraine, implementing specific therapeutic management, can improve migraine control.
BlockChain platforms in financial services: current perspective
(Sciendo, 2020-12-03) García Bringas, Pablo; Pastor López, Iker; Psaila, Giuseppe
BlockChain technology was invented to support bitcoin, currently the most popular virtual currency. The purpose of this paper is to investigate contemporary BlockChain platforms in financial services. An unstructured literature review has been used. BlockChain in financial services is mostly associated with bitcoin exchange. However, this is a partial view of both BlockChain technology and its possible adoption for financial services: In fact, many BlockChain platforms are now available and many different financial services can be effectively supported by BlockChain platforms, even though they are not based on virtual-money exchange. Furthermore, people are attracted by the concept of smart contract, i.e., a contract that is automatically executed by computer technology, without human intervention. The contribution of this paper is twofold: First of all, we introduce the four BlockChain platforms that are now most popular, discussing how they support the smart contract concept; second, we identify some typical categories of financial services, matching each of them with the platform that provides the best support for each category.
Bridging generation gaps through service-learning in higher education: a systematic review
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-02-25) Aláez, Marian; Díaz Iso, Ariane; Eizaguirre, Almudena ; García-Feijoo, María
Advances in health care have led to an increased life expectancy for the older populations. An increasing body of research warns of the need to provide opportunities for older people to develop their potential for physical, mental, and social well-being during the aging process. In this context, universities have incorporated the service-learning (SL) methodology into their curricular and extracurricular programs. They attempt to offer their students experiences that allow them, from their experience and reflection, to advance in knowledge, skills and attitudes toward the older population group. Therefore, this methodology allows linking academic activities with social commitment, involving young people, as genuine agents of social change, in constructing a fairer, more inclusive, and supportive society. Despite the large body of research on the definition and benefits that students generally derive from SL, there are no systematic reviews of the full range of benefits that SL experiences, specifically with older people, provide to all participants. In this context, a rigorous systematic review was conducted by referring to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and based on Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) databases, to answer one research question: What benefits do SL experiences that engage university students with older people, provide to the groups of participants? The analysis of the 28 selected research papers provides insights into the academic literature on the benefits of such experiences. On the one hand, they refer to the integral development of the student. On the other hand, they refer to the intergenerational relationships that promote the well-being of the elderly. Finally, the ethical commitment of the university, residences, agencies, and other organizations is mentioned. As a result, the positive impact on the community is highlighted.
Categorizing and assessing aspects of suicidal ideation detection approaches: a systematic review
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-07-09) Nikmehr, Golnaz; Bilbao Jayo, Aritz; Almeida, Aitor
Suicide remains a critical global issue and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. As this problem grows, the need for effective prevention strategies becomes increasingly urgent. Social networks and online platforms, such as Twitter, have emerged as spaces where people openly share their thoughts and emotions, including negative feelings, reflections on life, and even suicidal thoughts. This makes social media data an important resource for efforts to detect and reduce the risk of suicide. This systematic review examines 92 studies published between 2018 and 2024 on the detection of suicidal ideation. The studies are categorized using a multidimensional framework that considers three key aspects: the platforms used for data collection, the analytical techniques applied, and the specific features employed to identify suicidal ideation. By exploring these dimensions, the review highlights existing gaps and limitations in current methods, offering insights to guide future research and improve strategies for suicide prevention.
Children and adolescents mental health: a systematic review of interaction-based interventions in schools and communities
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019) García Carrión, Rocío; Villarejo Carballido, Beatriz; Villardón Gallego, Lourdes
Background: There is growing evidence and awareness regarding the magnitude of mental health issues across the globe, starting half of those before the age of 14 and have lifelong effects on individuals and society. Despite the multidimensional nature of this global challenge, which necessarily require comprehensive approaches, many interventions persist in seeking solutions that only tackle the individual level. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of evidence for positive effects in children and adolescents' mental health resulting from interventions conducted in schools and communities in which interaction among different agents is an integral component. Methods: An extensive search in electronic databases (Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, ERIC, and PsycINFO) was conducted to identify interventions in which interactions between peers, teachers, families or other community members or professionals played a role. Their effects on children and adolescents' mental health were also reviewed. We carried out a systematic review of papers published from 2007 to 2017. Eleven studies out of 384 met the inclusion criteria. Seven of the articles reviewed focus on interventions conducted in schools and promote supportive interactions involving students, teachers, families and mental health professionals. Four of the articles develop interventions that engage community members in dialogic interactions with children and adolescents. Results: Interventions in schools and communities implement strategies that foster supportive interactions among diverse actors including teachers, parents, community members and other professionals. The effects of the mental health interventions reported on children and adolescents' problems include a decrease in disruptive behaviors and affective symptoms such as depression and anxiety, together with an increase in social skills, as well as an improvement in personal well-being. Conclusions: There is evidence of a positive effect on the mental health of children and adolescents, both in decreasing symptoms of mental disorder and in promoting emotional well-being. Whereas interactions among different actors seem to be a relevant aspect across the interventions, more research is needed to conclude its effect on the outcomes of the studies reviewed
Clinical (but not cognitive) recovery in schizophrenia through the experience of fictional cinema
(Elsevier Inc., 2015-12) Peña Lasa, Javier; Sánchez Gómez, Pedro Manuel; Elizagarate Zabala, Edorta; Ibarretxe Bilbao, Naroa; Ezcurra, Jesús; Caballero Martínez, Luis; Magariños, M.; García del Castillo, Inés; Molina Gutiérrez, Miguel Ángel; Ojeda del Pozo, Natalia
Introduction: One of the criticisms of rehabilitation techniques is their limited application to the patient's daily life. In the past, cinema has been used as a psychiatric rehabilitation tool, with the primary objective of facilitating training in social abilities and communication. In this study, we consider the use of film not only as a clinical recovery tool but also as a novel cognitive recovery tool for additional rehabilitation not only for communication and social abilities but also for all of the basic cognitive and social cognition processes. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 48 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to an experimental or control group. Both of the groups received treatment sessions that included viewing episodes of the television series The Sopranos. Next, the experimental group participated in a structured cognitive training session that featured questions and exercises based on the episodes. The control group participated in an idea-sharing session (of the same duration and frequency) about what the group members saw in the episode. Results: At the end of the treatment, both the positive and negative clinical symptoms of the experimental group improved significantly compared with the control group. However, this improvement was not observed in basic or social cognitive functions. Discussion: A brief intervention based on transforming the activities of daily life can be an effective tool for psychiatric rehabilitation. However, the study's current characteristics and sample did not produce benefits in cognitive parameters.
Cognition in Chiari malformation type I: an update of a systematic review
(Springer, 2024-09) García Martín, Maitane; Amayra Caro, Imanol; Pérez Álvarez, Manuel; Salgueiro, Monika; Martínez, Óscar; López Paz, Juan Francisco; Allen, Philip A.
Chiari malformation has been classified as a group of posterior cranial fossa disorders characterized by hindbrain herniation. Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is the most common subtype, ranging from asymptomatic patients to those with severe disorders. Research about clinical manifestations or medical treatments is still growing, but cognitive functioning has been less explored. The aim of this systematic review is to update the literature search about cognitive deficits in CM-I patients. A literature search was performed through the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. The date last searched was February 1, 2023. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) include pediatric or adult participants with a CM-I diagnosis, (b) include cognitive or neuropsychological assessment with standardized tests, (c) be published in English or Spanish, and (d) be empirical studies. Articles that did not report empirical data, textbooks and conference abstracts were excluded. After the screening, twenty-eight articles were included in this systematic review. From those, twenty-one articles were focused on adult samples and seven included pediatric patients. There is a great heterogeneity in the recruited samples, followed methodology and administered neurocognitive protocols. Cognitive functioning appears to be affected in CM-I patients, at least some aspects of attention, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, episodic memory, or processing speed. However, these results require careful interpretation due to the methodological limitations of the studies. Although it is difficult to draw a clear profile of cognitive deficits related to CM-I, the literature suggests that cognitive dysfunction may be a symptom of CM-I. This suggest that clinicians should include cognitive assessment in their diagnostic procedures used for CM-I. In summary, further research is needed to determine a well-defined cognitive profile related to CM-I, favoring a multidisciplinary approach of this disorder.
Cohesive powder flow: trends and challenges in characterisation and analysis
(Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation, 2020-01-10) Ghadiri, Mojtaba; Pasha, Mehrdad; Nan, Wenguang; Hare, Colin; Vivacqua, Vincenzino; Zafar, Umair; Nezamabadi, Saeid; López García, Alejandro; Pasha, Massih; Nadimi, Sadegh
Powder processing and manufacturing operations are rate processes for which the bottleneck is cohesive powder flow. Diversity of material properties, particulate form, and sensitivity to environmental conditions, such as humidity and tribo-electric charging, make its prediction very challenging. However, this is highly desirable particularly when addressing a powder material for which only a small quantity is available. Furthermore, in a number of applications powder flow testing at low stress levels is highly desirable. Characterisation of bulk powder failure for flow initiation (quasi-static) is well established. However, bulk flow parameters are all sensitive to strain rate with which the powder is sheared, but in contrast to quasi-static test methods, there is no shear cell for characterisation of the bulk parameters in the dynamic regime. There are only a handful of instruments available for powder rheometry, in which the bulk resistance to motion can be quantified as a function of the shear strain rate, but the challenge is relating the bulk behaviour to the physical and mechanical properties of constituting particles. A critique of the current state of the art in characterisation and analysis of cohesive powder flow is presented, addressing the effects of cohesion, strain rate, fluid medium drag and particle shape.
Contributions from psychology to effectively use, and achieving sexual consent
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020-02-19) Flecha García, José Ramón; Tomás Martínez, Gema; Vidu Afloarei, Ana
Psychology related to areas such as gender, language, education and violence has provided scientific knowledge that contributes to reducing coercive social relationships, and to expanding freedom in sexual-affective relationships. Nonetheless, today there are new challenges that require additional developments. In the area of consent, professionals from different fields, such as law, gender, and education, are in need of evidence differentiating human communication that produces consent, and those conditions that coerce. Up to now, consent has been focused on verbal language, for example, “no means no,” or “anything less than yes is no.” Despite the fact that focusing consent on verbal language is a very important part of the problem, it does not solve most of the issues currently raised, like the famous case of “La Manada” in Spain. This article presents the most recent results of a new line of research, which places the problem and the solution in communicative acts, not only in speech acts. Even though there might be a “yes” in a sexual-affective relationship, there might not be consent, and it is indeed a coercive relationship if that “yes” has been given in a relationship determined by institutional power or by interactive power. Institutional power may occur if whoever made the proposal for the relationship is a person in charge of the process of selecting personnel in a company, and one of the candidates is the person who receives the proposal. Interactive power may occur if whoever makes the proposal is situated in an equal or inferior position in the company to the person receiving it, but the former threatens sextortion the latter. The potential social impact of this research has been already shown in the cases analyzed for this study.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the travel supply chain: a literature review
(MDPI, 2020-12-04) Ibarnia Caspistegui, Eneko; Garay Tamajon, Lluís; Guevara Plaza, Antonio Jesús
Traditional travel agencies and tour operators are recognized as relevant stakeholders in the tourism distribution chain, even though their role as transforming agents in the achievement of more sustainable tourism is beginning to be accepted. This study aims at reviewing the main topics and the most recent approaches from the academic literature in its analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices developed by these intermediaries. The work has been structured around six recurring themes in most of the studies carried out: the new intermediaries that operate on the Internet; the role of travel agencies and tour operators in tourism sustainability; the influence of the size of the company; CSR as a disruptive innovation in this sector; the potential of the sustainable tourism supply chain; and the motivations and attitudes of the managers of these businesses when they engage with responsibility. This last topic is developed in greater detail since it is closely linked to the previous ones and dictates, in most cases, the meaning and function of the sustainable performance. The conclusions show how tourism intermediaries have only just begun to develop CSR policies, and those that are committed to their implementation mostly opt for actions aimed at the environment.
COVID-19 in gastroenterology: where are we now?: current evidence on the impact of COVID-19 in gastroenterology
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-06-30) Magro, Fernando; Nuzzo, Alexandre; Abreu, Cândida; Libânio, Diogo; Rodríguez Lago, Iago ; Pawlak, Katarzyna; Hollenbach, Marcus; Brouwer, Willem P.; Siau, Keng
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in all fields of society with social, economic, and health-related consequences worldwide. In this context, gastroenterology patients and healthcare systems and professionals have seen their routines changed and were forced to adapt, adopting measures to minimize the risk of infection while guaranteeing continuous medical care to chronic patients. Objective: At this point, it is important to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on this field to further improve the quality of the services provided in this context. Methods/Results/Conclusion: We performed a literature review that summarizes the main aspects to consider in gastroenterology, during the pandemic crisis, and includes a deep discussion on the main changes affecting gastroenterology patients and healthcare systems, anticipating the pandemic recovery scenario with future practices and policies.
A critical review of the arguments against the use of rubrics
(Elsevier Ltd., 2020-03-23) Panadero, Ernesto; Jonsson, Anders
Rubrics are widely used in classrooms at all educational levels across the globe, for both summative and formative purposes. Although the empirical support for the benefits of using rubrics has been steadily growing, so have the criticisms. The aim of this review is to explore the concerns and limitations of using rubrics as proposed by the critics, as well as the empirical evidence for their claims. Criticisms are then contrasted with findings from studies reporting empirical evidence in the opposite direction (i.e. supporting the use of rubrics). A total of 27 publications were identified, and 93 excerpts were extracted, after a detailed content analysis. The criticisms were organized around six broad themes. One of the main findings is that the empirical evidence behind criticisms is, with only a few exceptions, neither direct nor strong. On the contrary, several critics refer to anecdotal evidence and/or personal experiences, which have limited value as scientific evidence. Another finding is that a number of critics make claims about rubrics with a narrow conceptualization of rubrics in mind. One prevalent assumption is that rubrics are only used for high stakes testing and/or other summative assessment situations. Based on these findings, we advocate a more pragmatic approach to rubrics, where potential limitations of rubrics are investigated empirically and decisions are based on scientific data.

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