DeustoTeka
DeustoTeka recoge la producción científica del personal docente e investigador de la Universidad de Deusto. Su propósito es reunir, archivar, preservar y aumentar la visibilidad en acceso abierto de los resultados de investigación.
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Promoting digital competences for the enjoyment of culture: new literacy challenges
(ENCATC, 2014-01) Vinals Blanco, Ana; Bayon Martin, Fernando; Ortega Nuere, Cristina
Digital technologies and the Internet have become an integral part of our everyday lives and have meant that we find ourselves immersed in a digital culture where knowledge is online. This article examines the impact of the development of the digital age on culture and education, two directly related social spheres that have seen the emergence of several social and digital divisions. Not everybody is able to access and enjoy online culture, so promoting appropriate training in the use of the tools needed in a digital society is indispensable. On the basis of a review of literature on the subject by leading researchers in the areas of culture and education, we conclude that the enjoyment of digital culture entails a radical change of perspective, which doubtless involves adapting the current education system.
La enseñanza recíproca en las aulas: efectos sobre la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de primaria
(Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile 1, 2014) Pascual, Gema; Goikoetxea Iraola, Edurne
; Corral, Silvia; Ferrero, Marta; Pereda Herrero, Visitación
El objetivo del estudio fue investigar los efectos de un programa basado en la Enseñanza Recíproca (Palincsar & Brown, 1984) sobre la comprensión lectora, hábitos lectores y fluidez de 239 alumnos de clase media-baja de 3º a 6º de primaria (entre 8 y 13 años, 49% mujeres) de 5 escuelas públicas de Vizcaya y de Álava, en España, seleccionadas intencionadamente. El diseño fue cuasi-experimental pre y postest, con grupo control, asignando aleatoriamente las aulas enteras o divididas a cada grupo, según la conveniencia de cada escuela. El grupo experimental (n = 135) fue entrenado durante 12 sesiones de 50 minutos una vez a la semana, mientras el grupo control (n = 104) recibía la enseñanza de lengua tradicional durante el mismo período. Los resultados revelan que la intervención tuvo efectos positivos en la comprensión lectora, medida a través de tareas de resumen y de recuerdo, pero no logró efectos en los hábitos lectores y en la fluidez. Las implicaciones para la investigación y para la práctica son discutidas, como la flexibilidad del programa y su aplicación por parte de estudiantes universitarios.
Presentation accuracy of the web revisited: animation methods in the HTML5 era
(Public Library of Science, 2014-10-10) Garaizar, Pablo
; Vadillo, Miguel A.; López de Ipiña González de Artaza, Diego
Using the Web to run behavioural and social experiments quickly and efficiently has become increasingly popular in recent years, but there is some controversy about the suitability of using the Web for these objectives. Several studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of different web technologies in order to determine their limitations. This paper updates the extant evidence about presentation accuracy and precision of the Web and extends the study of the accuracy and precision in the presentation of multimedia stimuli to HTML5-based solutions, which were previously untested. The accuracy and precision in the presentation of visual content in classic web technologies is acceptable for use in online experiments, although some results suggest that these technologies should be used with caution in certain circumstances. Declarative animations based on CSS are the best alternative when animation intervals are above 50 milliseconds. The performance of procedural web technologies based on the HTML5 standard is similar to that of previous web technologies. These technologies are being progressively adopted by the scientific community and have promising futures, which makes their use advisable to utilizing more obsolete technologies.
Measuring software timing errors in the presentation of visual stimuli in cognitive neuroscience experiments
(Public Library of Science, 2014-01-07) Garaizar, Pablo; Vadillo, Miguel A.
; López de Ipiña González de Artaza, Diego
; Matute, Helena
Because of the features provided by an abundance of specialized experimental software packages, personal computers have become prominent and powerful tools in cognitive research. Most of these programs have mechanisms to control the precision and accuracy with which visual stimuli are presented as well as the response times. However, external factors, often related to the technology used to display the visual information, can have a noticeable impact on the actual performance and may be easily overlooked by researchers. The aim of this study is to measure the precision and accuracy of the timing mechanisms of some of the most popular software packages used in a typical laboratory scenario in order to assess whether presentation times configured by researchers do not differ from measured times more than what is expected due to the hardware limitations. Despite the apparent precision and accuracy of the results, important issues related to timing setups in the presentation of visual stimuli were found, and they should be taken into account by researchers in their experiments.© 2014 Garaizar.
The lack of side effects of an ineffective treatment facilitates the development of a belief in its effectiveness
(Public Library of Science, 2014-01-08) Blanco Bregón, Fernando
; Barberia Fernández, Itxaso
; Matute, Helena
Some alternative medicines enjoy widespread use, and in certain situations are preferred over conventional, validated treatments in spite of the fact that they fail to prove effective when tested scientifically. We propose that the causal illusion, a basic cognitive bias, underlies the belief in the effectiveness of bogus treatments. Therefore, the variables that modulate the former might affect the latter. For example, it is well known that the illusion is boosted when a potential cause occurs with high probability. In this study, we examined the effect of this variable in a fictitious medical scenario. First, we showed that people used a fictitious medicine (i.e., a potential cause of remission) more often when they thought it caused no side effects. Second, the more often they used the medicine, the more likely they were to develop an illusory belief in its effectiveness, despite the fact that it was actually useless. This behavior may be parallel to actual pseudomedicine usage; that because a treatment is thought to be harmless, it is used with high frequency, hence the overestimation of its effectiveness in treating diseases with a high rate of spontaneous relief. This study helps shed light on the motivations spurring the widespread preference of pseudomedicines over scientific medicines. This is a valuable first step toward the development of scientifically validated strategies to counteract the impact of pseudomedicine on society.